Understanding Self Assessment and your tax return
If you cannot pay your tax bill on time
If you cannot pay your Self Assessment tax bill in full, you may be able to set up a payment plan to pay it in instalments.
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) will check if a payment plan is affordable for you. If you cannot agree on a payment plan with them, they'll ask you to pay the amount you owe in full.
Setting up a payment plan
You may be able to set up a payment plan to pay your overdue tax bill in monthly instalments.
To set up a payment plan, you’ll need:
- the relevant reference number for the tax you cannot pay, such as your unique tax reference number - you can usually get this from any letters HMRC has sent you
- your UK bank account details - you must be authorised to set up a Direct Debit
- details of your income and spending, or your company’s income and spending, if you owe company tax
If your bill is not overdue and you want to make weekly or monthly payments towards your next Self Assessment tax bill, you may be able to set up a Budget Payment Plan instead.
Set up a payment plan online
Use this service to check if you’re eligible for and to set up a payment plan online.
If you cannot set up a payment plan online
You’ll need to tell HMRC:
- if you can pay in full
- how much you can repay each month
- if there are other taxes you need to pay
- how much money you earn
- how much you usually spend each month
- what savings or investments you have
Contact HMRC to set up a payment plan.
If you have savings or assets, HMRC will expect you to use these to reduce your debt as much as possible.
If you’ve received independent debt advice, for example, from Citizens Advice, you may have a ‘Standard Financial Statement’. HMRC will accept this as evidence of what you earn and spend each month.
If your company is in tax debt
HMRC will ask you how you’ll pay your tax bill as quickly as you can. They will ask questions about your proposal to make sure it is realistic and affordable for you.
You must reduce your debt as much as possible before setting up a payment plan. You can do this by releasing assets like stock, vehicles and shares.
HMRC may ask company directors to:
- put personal funds into the business
- accept lending
- extend credit
How much will you pay?
The amount you’ll be asked to pay each month will be based on how much you have left after you pay any rent, food or utility bills and fixed outgoings you have, like subscriptions.
You’ll usually be asked to pay around half of what you have left over each month towards the tax you owe.
You can also agree to pay more if you want. Paying your debt quicker means you’ll pay less in total because you’ll pay less interest.
If you get a pension, HMRC will count that as income, but will not count the amount in your pension pot as savings.
How long does your payment plan last?
There’s no time limit on how long a payment plan can last. It will depend on how much you owe and what you can afford to pay each month.
You should contact HMRC if anything changes that could affect your payment plan. You can make the payment plan longer or shorter.
If HMRC finds out that your circumstances have changed, they may contact you to discuss changing your repayments.
If you miss a payment
HMRC will contact you to find out why. Where possible, they’ll try to rearrange or renegotiate the payment plan with you.
If you cannot pay another tax bill, contact HMRC. You may be able to include the new tax bill in your payment plan.
If you do not contact HMRC or refuse to pay
HMRC will always try to contact you if you miss a tax payment. This can include sending you letters, texts and visiting you at home or at work.
If you do not get in contact with HMRC or cannot agree on an instalment plan, then HMRC may:
- ask a debt collection agency to collect the money
- collect what you owe directly from your wages or any monthly pension payments you get
- take things you own and sell them (if you live in England, Wales or Northern Ireland)
- take money directly from your bank account or building society savings (if you live in England, Wales or Northern Ireland)
- take you to court
- make you bankrupt
- close down your company if the tax is a business tax
Any costs, like auction fees, are normally added to your debt. HMRC will tell you before taking any of these actions and will explain your rights, costs and options.
Read more about actions HMRC can take to recover tax.
Help and advice
Northern Ireland businesses can get free debt advice from Advice NI.
Making a complaint
You cannot appeal against HMRC's decision, but you can make a complaint if you’re unhappy about how you were treated.