Personal area networks
Pros and cons of wireless networking
Key business advantages and potential disadvantages of Wi-Fi or wireless networks.
Wireless networks, or Wi-Fi, offer key benefits over wired networks for mobile teams. However, it's important to weigh up any advantages against the risks before setup.
Advantages of wireless networking
Increased efficiency
Wireless networks can improve data communications by speeding up information sharing within your business and with partners and customers. For example, salespeople can check stock levels and prices in real time while on customer visits, helping to close deals faster.
Access and availability
Wireless technology lets users stay connected while moving around within buildings and sites. You do not need extra cables or adaptors to access office networks, keeping your team in touch wherever they are.
Flexibility
Office-based wireless workers can connect from anywhere in the coverage area without having to sit at fixed desks. This supports new ways of working, such as home working or accessing corporate data at customer sites. See more on employees working from home.
Cost savings
Wireless networks can be easier and cheaper to install than running cables, especially in listed buildings or rented spaces where landlords restrict wiring. This cuts down on both upfront costs and ongoing maintenance.
New opportunities
You can offer Wi-Fi hotspots to customers, such as in cafes, hotels or waiting areas. This lets travellers connect their devices to their own networks, creating new revenue streams or improving customer experience.
Disadvantages of wireless networking
Wireless networks have clear benefits over wired ones, but also come with risks you must consider before setup.
Security
Wireless signals travel through the air, making them easier for unauthorised users to intercept. It's important to always use strong encryption and other measures to protect your data and secure your wireless systems.
Installation problems
Nearby wireless networks or devices like microwaves can cause interference. This may lead to slow connections or, in bad cases, complete signal loss across your site.
Coverage
In some buildings, getting consistent coverage can be difficult, leading to 'black spots' where the signal isn't available. For example, in structures with thick walls or using steel reinforcements, you may find it difficult to pick up the radio frequencies used. You may need extra access points to fix this.
Transmission speeds
Wireless transmission can be slower and less efficient than 'wired' networks, particularly in busy offices. In larger setups, the 'backbone' network for core connection is usually wired or fibre rather than wireless.
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Wireless local area networks (LANs)
Understand how wireless local area networks (LANs) work, and what they can do for your business.
A local area network (LAN) without cables is called a wireless LAN (WLAN).
What is wireless LAN?
WLANs are data networks that allow computer systems to connect together through a wireless radio connection so that they can share data and access external networks, such as the internet, within a set range.
How to set up a wireless local area network?
You need two main components to set up a WLAN:
- an access point to link devices to the network
- adapters for each device, such as PC, laptop or tablets
Wi-Fi is the common name for WLANs, based on IEEE 802.11 standards. These ensure devices work together reliably. Read more about WLAN standards.
Advantages of wireless LAN
WLANs can broadly do anything that a 'wired' LAN can do, without the messy cables between the user device and the network. A wireless set-up can:
- let staff share files and hardware easily
- keep devices online even if users move around the space
- support greater flexibility in an office, eg through 'hot desking'
WLANs can extend network access to areas where cabling might not be cost-effective or practical. For example, from an office to its adjacent warehouse or storeroom, or across retail outlets, hotels, or public spaces such as health centres and job centres.
WLANs can particularly benefit businesses that:
- have staff working away from the office (eg sales staff)
- rely on flexible working styles, such as home working or 'hot desking'
- are located in premises where wiring is impractical or cost prohibiting (eg listed buildings)
What are WLAN 'hotspots'?
WLAN 'hotspots' are wireless-enabled areas offering customers access to a broadband internet connection, often for a fee. Such services are common in public areas such as airports, stations, cafes and hotels. They keep travellers linked to their business networks.
It is important to make sure that you use a secure wireless network with strong encryption, or use a VPN over any unencrypted wireless network.
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Benefits of cellular networks
What are cellular networks, and how they support data and voice communications in your business.
Cellular networks, also known as mobile phone networks, now handle much more than voice calls. Faster data speeds and better devices like smartphones and tablets make them vital for businesses needing flexible connectivity.
Cellular network technologies
Technologies connected with cellular phone services include:
- 5G - matches ultrafast broadband speed; coverage is rolling out in the UK
- 4G - delivers fast broadband-like performance for most data needs
- 3G - older standard for basic data which is being phased out
- global positioning system (GPS) - pinpoints device location accurately
- short messaging service (SMS) - for text messaging
- multimedia messaging services (MMS) - for exchange of images, audio and video
- global system for mobile communication (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS) - legacy data services, largely replaced by 4G/5G
What cellular networks offer
Cellular technologies offer additional ways for networking mobile devices. The worldwide coverage of cellular networks means that such facilities are often available in places where other types of networking, such as local area networks (LANs) and wireless LANs, cannot reach. As a result, you can use these technologies alongside local networks as a means of 'roaming' - maintaining contact while travelling.
Smartphones and tablets give staff access to the internet, email, apps and online tools anywhere with signal. This supports remote working and real-time tasks like ordering, billing and online buying. 4G and 5G provide the speed for advanced apps. They outpace older GSM/GPRS, offering better value despite higher initial data costs.
See more on mobile technology.
Disadvantages of cellular technology
Despite many benefits, cellular solutions have drawbacks that could affect your budget and performance. For example:
- costs for handsets data plans vary enormously
- streaming or heavy data use can get expensive
- speeds depend on location and network congestion
Review full advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology.
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Personal area networks
What are short-range wireless networks, also known as personal area networks or PANs, and how do they benefit businesses.
Personal area networks (PANs) are short-range wireless networks that work over a range of tens of metres. They replace cables that connect devices to peripherals like keyboards and printers.
Typical PAN technologies include:
- Cordless products - such as mouse devices and keyboards that use radio or infrared. These are low-cost and easy to set up and use. Certain products, such as the cordless phone, can have a considerably wider range.
- Bluetooth - which allows enabled devices such as phones, mobiles, mouse devices, headsets, PCs, printers and keyboards to connect wirelessly within a range of ten metres. Bluetooth technology is often built into devices or can be added via adapters.
Business uses of PANs
Personal area networks can help businesses in practical ways. For example, they can:
- free up floor space by removing unwanted cables
- synchronise data automatically between devices like phones and laptops
- let mobile staff print or connect to office equipment
- help control equipment/machinery wirelessly - eg car diagnostics for service teams
PANs can have other interesting applications, including:
- 'smart' badges at venues and events to share contacts or control access
- asset tracking on tools, stock or vehicles in warehouses or sites
- linking IoT devices like temperature sensors in storage or machinery health checks
- linking card readers to phones for quick transactions at markets or pop-ups
Personal area network - advantages and disadvantages
PANs are efficient, cost-effective and convenient for close-range needs. However:
- they can interfere with other wireless signals on the same frequencies
- Bluetooth offers slow data speeds and short range, so it's not for larger areas
For wider coverage, see wireless local area networks (LANs).
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Wireless networking security
How to protect your wireless network and devices from unauthorised access and cyber attacks.
Wireless networks are more open to threats than wired ones. Anyone within range can attempt to connect or intercept data, so it is important to build security into your setup from day one to safeguard your business.
Wireless networks rely on security measures like built-in encryption (such as Wi-Fi Protected Access or WPA) and virtual private networks (VPNs) to block unauthorised access. These tools are widely available but must be set up correctly to protect your data.
How to protect your wireless network
There are several vital measures you can put in place to help protect your network. As a bare minimum:
- You should password-protect your wireless local area network and activate built-in data encryption, such as WPA3. Most products support these features - make sure they are enabled and reset default passwords on setup.
- Use strong passwords that cannot easily be guessed. Keep them over 20 characters long, mixing letters, numbers and symbols. Avoid common words, names or memorable dates. Find password strategies to help keep your business secure.
- Train employees on the importance of IT security to prevent basic errors.
- Choose hardware that supports upgrades, as security standards evolve quickly. Check for the latest WLAN standards before buying hardware.
- Use VPNs for added protection, especially on public Wi-Fi.
See computer networks and guidance on deploying Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) to establish VPNs.
Common Wi-Fi security issues and fixes
Here are some common Wi-Fi risks and up-to-date best practices to address them:
Lost or stolen devices
If your device is lost or stolen, remotely revoke access and any privileges associated with usernames and passwords to secure the network. Wipe data, if possible, and report the incident to your IT team or provider immediately.
Public hotspots
On public hotspots, use personal firewall software to control data exposure, but always prioritise a VPN to encrypt traffic. Also, avoid auto-connect features, stick to HTTPS sites with two-factor authentication (2FA) where possible, and disable file sharing and peer-to-peer connections.
Malware threats
Install and update anti-malware software on all devices to block trojans, spyware and ransomware. Enable real-time scanning and restrict unapproved app downloads.
Staff handling sensitive data
Provide regular training to staff on phishing recognition, secure Wi-Fi habits and device locking. You can also consider enforcing policies like screen locks, OS updates and no public Wi-Fi for confidential work.
Read more about securing your wireless network.
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What type of wireless networking do you need?
How to assess your requirements for wireless networking, and choose the right wireless network for your business.
Before choosing a wireless network for your business, assess your specific needs first. This will help you tailor the solution to your exact business demands, avoiding poor performance and preventing wasted spend on mismatched kit.
Wireless networking needs analysis
Focus on the following areas to carry out a networking needs analysis:
- Coverage - the area where you plan to operate the wireless devices. This can help you determine the number and location of wireless LAN access points.
- Mobility - how will users move through the coverage areas, and will the wireless signals be reliable throughout?
- Security - consider the level of protection that your networked data will need against certain threats. This will help you decide if you need to add particular components or technologies to your setup, eg wireless encryption.
- Compatibility - think about your existing systems, application and databases, and make sure that your wireless LAN solution is compatible.
- Users and devices - decide how many users and devices, and what type of devices, you wish to connect via the wireless LAN. You should also consider your funds and make sure that you choose a solution that is within your budget.
Steps to determine your networking requirements
Think about:
- goals - for example, more flexibility or staff satisfaction
- measurable targets for what you want to achieve - eg cost savings
- how technology can improve operations or enable new products and services
Then:
- Consider what sort of wireless solution you need. Are there sites where installing cable networks would be a problem - eg listed buildings? Are there employees, such as salespeople, that require mobility?
- Talk to other businesses that have implemented wireless solutions.
- Think carefully about the security issues, such as the potential for 'hackers' or competitors to access or modify your company data.
- Compare the costs of wireless communication (such as software, installation and maintenance) with the business benefit you expect to get. If the main benefit is more efficient working, is the increased efficiency worth the cost?
You may wish to get advice from IT consultants on scoping, budgeting, rollout and training.
When evaluating your networking needs, also consider your customers' and business partners' systems. If you are aiming to work wirelessly with them, ask yourself:
- Do your processes align with their wireless standards and tech setup?
- Are you restricting access by supporting only specific devices or protocols?
- Can your network integrate easily with theirs, or will it need adapters or custom configuration?
Understanding their needs will ensure smooth business-to-business links, like shared inventory apps or guest portals, without later rework. Find out how to assess your networking needs and requirements.
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How to choose and implement a wireless network
Steps to select the right wireless network for your business and roll it out successfully.
Choosing and implementing a wireless network involves matching options to your needs, planning the rollout and evaluating results. This ensures reliable connectivity that supports your business without unexpected costs or disruptions.
Wireless networking options for small businesses
In most cases, your options will be:
- Standard Wi-Fi access points - these connect devices to your office network. They are good for laptops, phones and printers in meeting rooms or open spaces.
- Wireless bridges or mesh systems - these extend coverage to areas without cables (warehouses, outdoor areas). Ideal for larger premises or multiple sites.
- Guest networks - separate Wi-Fi for visitors, keeping your main network secure.
For mobile workers, consider mobile phone data networks (4G/5G). These can secure company access when employees work remotely or travel, and are better and safer than public Wi-Fi and hotspots.
Plan your wireless network rollout
Consider these practical factors in the planning phase:
- expertise required to manage the network and train staff
- training costs, how many staff need it, and how long it will take
- cultural impact, such as staff working remotely or in hybrid patterns
- integration of fixed and wireless systems (and personal devices) on your network
- standardising hardware and security across all equipment
- increased data traffic from mobile devices
Implement your wireless network
Typically, implementation will require you to install the hardware and configure the necessary settings, then test coverage and speeds across your site before full launch.
Encourage employee involvement and feedback during setup, and roll out any necessary training on usage, security and troubleshooting. It can also help to form a cross-departmental team to oversee rollout, manage change and ensure buy-in across the business.
You may also need to update any existing policies - for example, bring your own device policy - with secure access rules. When your network goes live, monitor performance to ensure smooth operation.
Evaluate the impact
After rollout:
- track and review the impact of the network on your business against your original objectives
- gather feedback from staff, customers and suppliers on usability, speed and any issues
- review performance after six months and one year - measure metrics like uptime, data usage and support calls, then tweak settings or expand coverage as needed
If you're not sure which networking solution would best suit your business, get advice from your IT provider or business adviser. In Northern Ireland, contact Invest Northern Ireland for ICT guidance tailored to local businesses.
Finally, consider wired networks instead wireless ones for high-security areas (such as servers and payment systems), heavy data transfers (video editing, large files) and where maximum speed and reliability is needed.
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