Here's how we run a social enterprise - Loaf Catering (video)

In this guide:

  • The social economy in Northern Ireland

    An overview of social enterprises who make up an increasingly diverse and crucial sector of business in Northern Ireland

    The social enterprise economy in Northern Ireland is an increasingly well-established and diverse sector. It creates opportunities and training for people who are often marginalised in society, driving social impact in these communities.

    Figures released by 2025 Northern Ireland Social Enterprise Sector Report indicate there are almost 1,225 social enterprises in Northern Ireland, generating an annual turnover of approximately £323 million. It highlights there are almost 17,300 people employed in Northern Ireland's social economy.

    What is social impact?

    Social impact is the change in individuals or communities from specific actions. It is essential for social enterprises to demonstrate the effects of their initiatives to justify their efforts and attract support.

    The top three goals of social enterprises in Northern Ireland are to:

    • enhance the community
    • assist people in gaining employment
    • improve the environment

    The top three social enterprise activities are:

    • education
    • employment and skills
    • business support

    The Department for the Economy provides more information on the social economy in Northern Ireland.

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  • Social enterprises and the public sector

    Ways for social enterprises to maximise their chances of winning public sector contracts through tender competitions

    Winning contracts to deliver public services can provide a regular income stream for social enterprises. Although as with most businesses, it is important for social enterprises to diversify income sources so that they are less vulnerable to the risks of one income source drying up.

    The ability to deliver innovative approaches and fresh thinking to services, such as catering and recycling, make social enterprises an attractive option for public services. However, they will be required to compete for tenders through the public sector procurement process - read about how to tender for contracts in the Northern Ireland public sector.

    There are a wide variety of opportunities in the delivery of public services, where social enterprises work in partnership with government, including:

    • the health and social care sector
    • fostering and adoption
    • transport services
    • refuse collection/recycling
    • sports and leisure services

    eSourcing NI is an electronic tendering site which allows you to access the latest public procurement opportunities in Northern Ireland.

    Social Enterprise NI (SE NI) has an online directory listing social enterprises in Northern Ireland where you can find out about the activities of individual businesses. To access the complete directory, you need SENI membership - find out how to become a member.

    Benefits of public sector contracts

    Public sector organisations are stable customers who pay promptly and within agreed contract terms and due to the public procurement process you can be assured contacts are awarded in a fair and transparent way.

    Barriers facing social enterprises competing for public service contracts

    One of the main barriers facing social enterprises when competing for public service contracts is resource capability - will you be able to deliver on the requirements of the contract? Also will the contract allow you to meet your goals and social purpose?

    Also on this site
    Tender for public sector contracts in Great Britain and Ireland
    Tender for a contract
    Choose the right structure for your social enterprise
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  • Support for social enterprises in Northern Ireland

    A range of support to help social entrepreneurs realise their vision and run their social enterprise.

    As well as the mainstream support available to all business start-ups there are some initiatives designed for social entrepreneurs.

    Social Enterprise NI is a central meeting point for social enterprises in Northern Ireland. It provides a platform for collaboration and knowledge sharing. You can also keep track of the latest events and news relating to social enterprises.

    If you are not a Social Enterprise NI member - you can apply for membership to access new business opportunities, network with social enterprise leaders, share best practice, collaborate with like-minded organisations, and receive advice and guidance. Read more on how to become a SENI member.

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  • Checklist: starting a social enterprise

    A checklist of key questions you should consider to help you succeed when setting up a social enterprise

    Before setting up a social enterprise, you might want to ask yourself the following questions to see if you are ready and whether a social enterprise is right for you:

    • Have you considered what legal form your social enterprise is going to take? Options include unincorporated associations, trusts, limited companies, industrial and provident societies, Community Interest Companies and charitable incorporated organisations. For more information about social enterprise legal structures see choose the right structure for your social enterprise.
    • Have you explored all the start-up support options available to you and your social enterprise? See support for social enterprises in Northern Ireland.
    • Are you completely committed to the social and/or environmental aims of the company?
    • Have you thought about how you will finance the social enterprise, both at start-up and during periods of growth? If you are using your own money, will you be able to survive while the business finds its feet? See find and manage the money.
    • Do you have a viable business idea - ie is there a market for your service or product? Read about how to research and develop your business ideas, new products and services.
    • Have you considered how you will research your customers, or engage with your stakeholders? See develop a sales and marketing strategy.
    • Will you require the services of professionals such as an accountant or solicitor? For further information about working with professionals see use professional services.
    • Will you need to employ staff in your social enterprise and do you know the requirements of becoming an employer? Find out more about how to hire staff.
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    Ten steps to a successful start-up
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  • Start a social enterprise

    Starting a social enterprise - SlackPress (video)

    How SlackPress developed into a self-sufficient social enterprise that engages with the local community

    Simon Black, co-founder of SlackPress, discusses how the SlackPress team created a social enterprise.

    SlackPress is a media production social enterprise specialising in creative design. SlackPress works with community groups, other social enterprises, charities and corporate businesses to help them develop media content for DVDs, websites and social networks.

    Here, Simon explains how SlackPress developed into a self-sufficient social enterprise that successfully engages with the local community.

    Case Study
    Simon Black
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    /content/starting-social-enterprise-slackpress-video

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  • Start a social enterprise

    Here's how we run a social enterprise - Loaf Catering (video)

    How Loaf Catering operates as a social enterprise, generates income and engages with the local community

    Loaf Catering is a social enterprise that was developed in 2007 to provide jobs and training opportunities for people with learning disabilities and autism. The company focuses on delivering under its strapline 'food with purpose'.

    With the support of its parent organisation the NOW Group, Loaf Catering has grown to an enterprise that includes four cafés, a catering academy and an online shop. 

    Maeve Monaghan, Chief Executive of the NOW Group, explains how Loaf Catering operates as a business, generates income and engages with the local community.

    Case Study
    Maeve Monaghan
    Content category
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  • Start a social enterprise

    Here’s how we run a successful social enterprise business - Storybox

    Rachel McIlgorm highlights the benefits of being a social enterprise and how it plays a crucial role in the business's success.

    Storybox, a Belfast-based social enterprise, sources and sells ethical gifts from local makers, social enterprises, and sustainable brands.

    In addition to its online and physical shop, Storybox hosts workshops, classes, and events in its space, creating a hub for purpose-driven businesses to connect, collaborate, and thrive.

    Storybox founder, Rachel McIlgorm, explains how being a social enterprise benefits and drives the business's success.

    Why I chose to be a social enterprise

    "I created Storybox to combine my passion for supporting local businesses with giving back to the community. I wanted to create gifts that felt meaningful and carried a positive impact."

    "The social enterprise model felt like the right fit from the start. It aligns with my values of making conscious business choices and encouraging others to do the same. We set up Storybox legally as a social enterprise to hold the business and our future team accountable as we grow. "

    "After researching different options, I decided to set up Storybox as a Community Interest Company (CIC). This structure made the most sense, allowing us to reinvest profits into our social mission while still operating as a business."

    "As a social enterprise, Storybox focuses on more than selling products. We encourage thoughtful gifting and bring people together to share stories. Whether browsing online, visiting the shop, or joining a community event or workshop, we aim to create connections and make a positive impact."

    Advantages and challenges of running a social enterprise

    "Running Storybox as a social enterprise delivers a powerful ripple effect with every order - we support local businesses, boost social awareness, and contribute to charities. The knowledge that we've built our business on something greater than simply selling products makes all the difference."

    "With the growing demand for ethical and sustainable options, our social enterprise status helps us draw customers who want their purchases to reflect their core values."

    "We prioritise balancing profit and purpose in every aspect of our business. From selecting suppliers to setting fair prices, each decision must align with our social mission. We also actively cultivate relationships with like-minded partners and ensure transparency regarding our charitable contributions."

    "Partnering with charities allows us to give back to causes that mean a lot to us. It’s not just about donating proceeds – it’s about raising awareness and using our platform to highlight the incredible work these organisations do. We've donated to Friends of the Earth NI and PIPS Suicide Prevention Ireland. We're proud of what we've achieved and hope to continue growing our contributions."

    "The main things we look for in the products we sell are quality, sustainability, ethical production, and whether the brand shares our commitment to social impact. Customers can choose from our pre-made gift boxes or customise their own through our ‘Build a Box’ feature. It's important to us to include a variety of businesses – from those with diverse backgrounds to those supporting different causes – so every box tells a bigger story about the brilliant makers and local businesses doing good work."

    "Social enterprises often face additional challenges when accessing finance because there isn't always the same level of understanding or tailored support available. Securing funding can be harder while staying true to both commercial and social impact goals."

    Support and funding

    "My journey benefited from invaluable support provided by Work West and Social Enterprise NI, including mentoring and publicity. The council and the Housing Executive gave us small but important grants, which allowed us to move forward. Every bit of funding helped us grow steadily. I focus on slow and sustainable growth and am happy to maintain this pace."

    "Other small business owners offered significant support. Those casual meet-ups, chats, and coffees have been crucial; I honestly don't think the business would be where it is now without them."

    Success and growth

    "Support networks and funding opportunities greatly contributed to the growth and success of Storybox."

    "Initially, I only dreamed of Storybox's potential, never imagining a physical shop."

    "Expanding from an online business to moving to Portview Trade Centre has opened up brilliant opportunities to collaborate with other local businesses on site. We now host at least five monthly workshops and pop-up events, from painting and cake decorating to cross-community crafts and book launches, to bring people together, while also showcasing products from Portview-based makers in our gift boxes." 

    "Having a physical shop has given customers the chance to see the products and meet the people behind the brand, which brings the Storybox story to life in a much more profound way. It’s also allowed us to offer a more personal experience and build stronger relationships with the local community. I’ve developed a close relationship with my suppliers, and I genuinely love sharing their stories with customers. The impact becomes real when you witness customers’ reactions."

    "Our shop offers a welcoming, inclusive space. Local residents appreciate having a community hub on Newtownards Road. Supporting charities like PIPS Suicide Prevention Ireland encourages customers to share their personal experiences and how these charities have helped them."

    Case Study
    Rachel McIlgorm
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Farm diversification ideas

In this guide:

  • What is farm diversification?

    What farm diversification means for your business and how to use your land, tools and expertise to drive business growth.

    Farm diversification is when a farm branches out from traditional farming by adding new money-making activities. This can be an expansion of agricultural activities into new innovations or moving into non-agricultural business types. 

    Diversifying your farm can involve anything, from launching pastured poultry or organic meat production to starting a bed and breakfast in the barn or setting up a farm shop or a local tourist attraction.

    Types of farm diversification

    When considering farm diversification opportunities, many farmers find it helpful to consider:

    • Underused resources - many farms have unused buildings and farm resources. Farms that successfully diversify are often able to put their existing farm assets to use. Making a list of your existing farm's underutilised resources is a useful first step in working out potential ideas.
    • Unfilled local demand - being able to meet local demand for a product or service that is not currently being met may offer an opportunity to broaden your farm's horizons into new business areas.
    • Existing skills and expertise - playing to your existing farming experience and knowledge increases your likelihood of success. It also makes it easier to make the transition from traditional farm to rural enterprise.
    • Area of interest - make a note of any business ideas that interest you. Following up on these means that you're more likely to put in the extra hours and effort required to make your rural enterprise a success.

    For further information see advantages of farm diversification.

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  • Advantages of diversifying your farm

    Some of the benefits of adding new business ideas and income streams into your existing farm business

    If you diversify your farm into a broader rural enterprise, you're likely to grasp a range of benefits which you don't often find in a traditional farm.

    Top advantages of farm diversification

    Some of the main benefits of diversifying your farm business include:

    • Increased revenue - by taking on new activities, such as farm shops, holiday lets, or speciality crops, you and your family are likely to enjoy an increased farm income and a better quality of life.
    • Adaptability - branching out encourages you to be willing to change and look out for other opportunities. Adding a new activity will teach you what works for you and your farm. It will help you make further changes and respond to new opportunities.
    • Improved financial stability - by moving into new activities, farms can provide you and your family members with a long-term future and greater stability. By branching out, you will increase the number of revenue sources for your farm. This will make you less reliant on any one income source.
    • Preserving arming traditions - diversifying can provide you and your family with a means of carrying on your farming tradition. While the focus of diversifying may be on increasing income and securing a future, it can provide the means of subsidising and continuing the traditional activities that are valued and enjoyed.
    • Develop new skills - running a new venture will provide the opportunity to increase your skills and expand your network of business contacts. From management to marketing and finance to customer service, diversifying will develop your business flair.

    Realistic budgeting

    It's important to be realistic when budgeting. A common mistake is overestimating income and underestimating the costs of running a diversified business. To avoid this, be conservative in your estimates of potential earnings.

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  • Farm diversification ideas

    Ideas to diversify your farm with tourism, livestock products, renewable energy and seasonal events to boost income.

    Farm diversification offers many ways to generate extra income from your farm. Farmers can use tourism opportunities, manufacture products or branch out from traditional crops.

    How to boost farm income

    Are you looking to boost your farm's income? Consider these diversified farming examples. These ideas can help increase revenue and sustainability on your farm.

    Alternative crops and renewable energy

    Farms can also move beyond traditional farming by exploring non-food crops and renewable energy:

    • Non-food crops - grow non-food crops such as industrial hemp or ornamental plants to get an alternative income through niche markets or specialised industries.
    • Renewable energy - solar panels, wind turbines or biomass systems on your land can support sustainable farming and generate extra income through energy production or government incentives.

    Events and hospitality

    Exploring leisure and hospitality on your farm can create new income and improve visitor experiences:

    • Experience days - run pick your own events for people to forage fruits or host arts and crafts workshops for the local community.
    • Adventure outings - organise adventure days where you can take a group of people on outdoor pursuits/survival days to boost their skills.
    • Provide tourist accommodation - if you have unused land, consider using it for camping. You could also provide glamping facilities, like teepees, treehouses, or huts.
    • Become an open farm/petting zoo - family farm day experiences are very popular, eg you can provide an opportunity for children to interact with animals and ride a tractor.
    • Use seasonal opportunities to open your farm to the public - piggy-back on seasonal opportunities throughout the year, eg Halloween pumpkin patch, Christmas wonderland, sunflower season and summer events.
    • Venue hire - revamp barns and hire them out as a wedding venue/party venue.
    • Leisure attractions - use scrubland, woodland or open country to create venues for activities such as paint balling, rope courses, mazes, off-road driving or mountain biking.
    • Festivals - farmland can be great venues for one-off music festivals, country fairs or other themed gatherings.

    Farm production and direct sales

    If you prefer a more conventional approach, you may want to consider direct sales:

    • Open a farm shop - sell produce from your farm and the local area, consider including a tearoom for visitors with home cooked food/baked goods from your farm.
    • Livestock products - invest in goats, cows, or chickens for your farm so you can produce and sell milk, cheese and eggs.
    • Crop products - consider growing and selling speciality flowers or vegetables that will attract the local community.

    You can use our tool to find inspiration for diversifying your farm business by searching for detailed business profiles for 600 small business ideas.

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  • Planning for farm diversification

    How to successfully plan the diversification of your farm through business planning, research, financing and marketing.

    Careful planning is essential to diversifying a traditional farm successfully. Write down your ideas and build your plan gradually. It will take time to develop your plan and it may need to be revised a number of times before you are satisfied with it.

    How to make a plan to diversify your farm business

    The key steps involved in farm diversification are:

    • Identifying an idea that will work for you. You will need to research your local market and ensure that your idea is viable. Invest Northern Ireland's Business Information Centre can provide market information on your potential idea.
    • Shaping a suitable business plan. Planning is essential to your success and will be critical to obtaining financial support - see how to write a business plan: step-by-step.
    • Working out how much is required to finance the idea and how to ensure it is secured - see business financing options - an overview.
    • Working out what is involved in producing and delivering the new product or service from your rural enterprise.
    • Working out how you will market and sell your product/service - see how to create your marketing strategy.
    • Ensuring you meet any legal requirements.
    • Get training to build up your understanding of what is involved in running your own rural business.

    There are several practical things you can do. It is worth spending time talking through your idea with friends and family and also with your local business adviser, your accountant and your local Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) rural adviser.

    Gathering as much feedback as possible can help to shape your plan and test how feasible your initial idea is.

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  • Advice and support for diversifying your farm

    Find local organisations which provide advice and support for the expansion or diversification of your farm business.

    You will find it helpful to get as much advice as possible as you develop your plans to diversify your farm. Specialist advice on diversifying is available in Northern Ireland from farming experts.

    Department of Agriculture, Environment & Rural Affairs (DAERA)

    The Department of Agriculture, Environment & Rural Affairs (DAERA) advisers can offer advice on your rural business idea, sources of finance and how to manage the transition from traditional farm to rural enterprise. DAERA's organic experts can also advise on all aspects of switching from traditional to organic production.

    Rural Support

    Rural Support can offer independent support from a business mentor to help farming families tackle farm business issues such as finance/debt and business decisions regarding the future - find out more about their On Farm Business Support.

    The Ulster Farmers' Union

    The Ulster Farmers' Union has 11,500 local members and represents the wide range of interests of farmers - find out more about the Ulster Farmers' Union.

    Training opportunities for farmers

    You might need to supplement your existing skills with some additional training:

    Northern Ireland Business support finder

    Advice and support towards setting up your business can be found from a number of organisations. The Northern Ireland business support finder is a searchable database that can help you find publicly-funded and not-for-profit sources of business assistance you may be eligible to apply for. Support may be available in a number of forms, including financial assistance and free or subsidised advice services.

    Enterprise Northern Ireland

    Enterprise Northern Ireland has a network of local Enterprise Agencies. These support small businesses and community enterprises. They provide:

    • information on government help for small businesses
    • professional advisers
    • low-cost loans, grant aid and other finance
    • support for small businesses that are acquiring new information technologies
    • support for business growth and development
    • industrial and office space

    Find out more about Enterprise NI and search for your local Enterprise Agency.

    You may also need specialist advice, such as help with legal issues or managing finances - find a solicitor for your business.

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    Rural Support
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  • Diversify your farm business

    Diversifying our farm - Cavanagh Free Range Eggs (video)

    Farm diversification example with Cavanagh Free Range Eggs, who successfully diversified their farm to create a business

    John and Eileen Hall, owners of Cavanagh Free Range Eggs, explain how they successfully diversified their farm to create and grow a business.

    Cavanagh Free Range Eggs in County Fermanagh supplies free range eggs to retail outlets, hotels and restaurants across Northern Ireland.

    Here, John and Eileen discuss how they planned and took forward their idea. They also highlight the importance of listening to customer feedback, following legislation and marketing their business.

    Case Study
    Eileen Hall
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Starting a business as a female entrepreneur - DELI LITES

In this guide:

  • How entrepreneurial are women in NI?

    Overview of female entrepreneurship in Northern Ireland and support available to help women get started in business

    The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report shows that women in Northern Ireland have a very positive view of entrepreneurship as a career choice. The report indicates that increasing entrepreneurial activity among women will make a huge contribution to the diversity and success of the local economy.

    Many women work part-time while setting up a business. This allows them to develop their business idea while reducing the financial risk that may be involved. See starting a part-time business.

    Others work flexible hours in their new business to allow them to look after a home or fulfil other commitments while getting the business off the ground.

    If you are considering becoming an entrepreneur, it's important to realise that you don't have to go it alone. A lot of support is available to help women entrepreneurs - see support for women in business.

    Setting up a business is an exciting career option that is flexible and open to anyone. So whether you are currently working, taking a career break, or just starting out, you can find help to make your business idea a reality.

    Developed with
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  • How to become a successful woman in business

    Tips, guidance and support for potential women entrepreneurs on taking the rights steps when starting a business

    If you want to become a woman in business, there are a number . things you can to increase your chance of success.

    Business skills

    Running a business requires a range of skills. As well as producing a product or delivering a service you will need to deal with finance, marketing, administration, legal issues and perhaps recruitment, health and safety or other specific areas.

    All of these skills can be acquired and there are many excellent courses available locally. Some of these have been developed particularly for women. The Training for Women Network provides courses for women interested in business.

    First steps for your business

    If you are considering starting up a new business, you need to consider a number of factors to ensure the best chance of success. If you don't have a business idea yet, our business idea profile tool provides information on over 600 small business trades, sectors and professions.

    As well as your product or service, you will need to think about:

    For further information see step-by-step guide to starting a business.

    Support from other women entrepreneurs

    You will also benefit from speaking to other people who have set up a business - there are many organisations and networks that can offer you practical support. For further information see networks and mentors for women in business.

    Women in Business (WIB) provide digital workshops, mentoring, regional events and networking opportunities with other women entrepreneurs. They also provide a yearly Women in Business conference and other business events.

    Write a business plan

    A business plan is a written document that describes a business, its objectives, its strategies, the market it is in and its financial forecasts. It has many functions, from securing external funding to measuring success within your business. It is essential to have a realistic, working business plan when you're starting a business. See write a business plan: step-by-step.

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  • Develop a business idea

    Support for female entrepreneurs to develop a well-defined product or service before launch into the market

    Some people have a very clear idea of what they want their business to be. Maybe you have identified a gap in the market for a particular product or service you know you can provide.

    Or perhaps you want to set up a business but don't have a definite idea of what you want to sell. Whichever is the case it's important that you develop a well-defined product or service before you launch into setting up a business.

    You need to be sure you can offer the market something different, better or cheaper. Good market research is the cornerstone of developing a sound business idea - see market research and market reports.

    Invest NI's Business Information Centre has extensive market research and worldwide company directories that you can use.

    Women are now setting up and running successful businesses in sectors that were once considered male territory, such as construction and IT. Equality of opportunity in these areas has been promoted through professional bodies and trade organisations. Search the Trade Association Forum's directory of trade associations.

    You may find it helpful to identify a mentor from within your chosen sector, who can be a role model and adviser - see benefits of business mentoring.

    Women in Business (WIB) offer a mentoring programme and may be able to connect you to someone from your sector through the members directory.

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    Research and develop ideas, new products and services
    Find and develop a business idea
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  • Support for women in business

    Support programmes available to business women and potential women entrepreneurs in Northern Ireland

    You can become a successful woman entrepreneur with the right support, good planning and the will to succeed.

    Specific support for women

    There are some support initiatives specifically designed for women.

    Women in Business is Northern Ireland's largest and fastest-growing network for business women and entrepreneurs. They have over 3,000 members and offer events aimed at helping women develop both personally and professionally, make connections and ultimately grow their business.

    Women in Business offers a variety of free marketing benefits to all members including publication of their news articles in a bi-annual magazine and a monthly ezine, as well as their Members Monday promotions.

    Councils and local enterprise agencies run specific initiatives for female entrepreneurs.

    Invest in Women Hub

    The Invest in Women Hub helps female entrepreneurs access finance to start, grow, or scale their business.

    The Hub is run by the Council for Investing in Female Entrepreneurs (CfIFE). It offers access to practical resources, tools, news, and events to help women in business.

    It also includes a ‘Find a Finance Provider’ tool for entrepreneurs to find finance partners for every growth stage, including business incubators, accelerators, and venture capital.

    Find finance and advice

    The Northern Ireland Business Support Finder is a searchable database that can help you find publicly-funded and not-for-profit sources of assistance you may be eligible to apply for. Support may be available in several forms, including financial assistance and free or subsidised advice services.

    My New Business

    My New Business is a free online service that covers everything you need to plan, start and run a business. It has videos and tools, plus other learning resources - like tutorials and case studies. All of them are aimed at helping you get your business started.

    It also includes checklists that cover everything from coming up with a strong business idea and developing it to identifying and reaching your customers to turn that idea into a successful business - see My New Business.

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  • Networks and mentors for women in business

    Local female entrepreneurship networks and business mentoring opportunities for women starting out in business

    If you feel nervous about setting up a business, that's normal for everyone - don't let that put you off. A good way to build your confidence is to speak to others who have set up a business and find out what the experience is really like.

    Networks for women in business

    Women's business networks are a good way to build relationships. They offer a forum for discussion, sharing experiences, peer mentoring and practical and emotional support. Just knowing someone else is facing the same challenges as you makes it easier to keep going.

    Networking is a highly effective way to build up a business. It offers a potential market for your goods or services and can be an invaluable way of building up a client base and track record.

    Women in Business is Northern Ireland's largest and fastest growing network for business women and entrepreneurs - find out more about Women in Business.

    WIB also have a mentoring programme with nearly 150 successful and inspirational business women who provide expertise to support to local women in business.

    There are also many UK sector specific women's networks including:

    Developed with
    Women in Business
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    Go Succeed
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  • Starting a business: steps for female entrepreneurs

    A set of steps for potential female entrepreneurs to consider for tried and tested ways to start your business

    Taking the first step is easy if you have done as much planning and market research as possible.

    It's useful to write down where you are now, where you want to be in a year and the steps you need to take to get there. This should be as detailed as possible and will help you take a logical and systematic approach to getting started in business. The following guidance should help you:

    The next step is to identify and contact the organisations that can offer you advice and support.

    The business support organisations will be eager to sit down with you and help you work out what you need to do to get your business up and running. They will help you with:

    • training
    • sourcing finance
    • mentoring
    • ongoing business advice
    • specialist technical advice
    • finding premises
    • legal issues

    There is a comprehensive network of support in Northern Ireland and specific initiatives aimed at helping more people get started in business. See:

    Invest NI also provide support for local businesses.

    Women in Business (WIB) also offers a variety of workshops and programmes specifically for women. Find out about upcoming WIB events and programmes.

    Developed with
    Women in Business
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    Go Succeed
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    Ten steps to a successful start-up
    Write a business plan: step-by-step
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  • Start-up support for female entrepreneurs

    Starting a business as a female entrepreneur - DELI LITES

    Jackie Reid explains how she used her skills and expertise to develop her startup idea into a successful business

    DELI LITES Ireland is a food-to-go producer of sandwiches, wraps, salads, and artisan bakery products that uses local ingredients. The business was founded in 1998 and currently employs 300 staff.

    Jackie Reid, the Co-Founder and Sales Director of DELI LITES, explains how she used her skills and expertise to develop her business idea into a successful, well-run business.

    Finding my business idea


    "My husband, Brian, and I founded the company in 1998 after I had spent a summer working in New York. I came back full of inspiration from the amazing colours, textures, and flavours I had witnessed in the vibrant New York scene."

    "We originally ran the business from my sisters' café of the same name. People loved the food we were making, so we decided to make the most of these products and start a pre-packed sandwich business, which today is DELI LITES Ireland."

    Developing my idea


    "When the business was beginning to form, food-to-go was not a familiar concept to people in Northern Ireland. After having been inspired by the futuristic food trends of New York, and in noticing this gap in the market for quality food-to-go products, we wanted to offer customers a product that is quick and easy to consume, without compromising on taste."

    "I have always had a passion for food and for fitness, so a goal throughout the journey was to create a product offering that was honest feel-good food. As such, since the beginning of the business we have been able to invent innovative products that are gluten-free, vegan, vegetarian, high-protein, and low-calorie, as well as the more traditional options."

    "I found that research was everything. I had to look into every aspect of my idea so I knew what the market was lacking and how I could provide answers to consumer needs. I wanted the focus of our products to be about the quality Irish ingredients that we use. As we began securing those initial deals with local suppliers, it got easier to network our way through the food industry and make a name for ourselves."

    Believing in myself and finding hidden talents


    "There are many preconceptions and expectations of women in business, but I use those doubts and fears and turn them into my driving power. Exceeding expectations is a powerful motivator, and one that I use often."

    "Apparently, women are half as likely as men to start their own business, which is a shocking statistic! Aside from the obvious benefits of working for yourself and doing something you love, putting yourself out there in the business world can help you learn more about yourself. You will come to realise just how resilient and strong you are, as well as finding out how far you can push yourself. It's a real soul-searching journey."

    "When we originally started the business, I don't think I had realised just how passionate (and good!) I am at sales. All my entrepreneurial skills came out when we were deep into the process."

    Finding the right support


    "I understand how overwhelming starting a business can be, especially if you're starting the venture alone. I also think that many women are not aware of the financial, advisory and networking resources that are readily available to them. For example, you'll find there are numerous financial schemes, LinkedIn support groups, and local events that will provide help and guidance which are great for women that need to find their supportive crowd."

    "Make sure you take the help that is offered. I often struggle with always wanting to do things myself, but you have to realise (and I have to remind myself sometimes) that you can't do everything yourself. Surround yourself with a positive crowd and take advantage of the help they offer."

    Inspiring and supporting other women


    "I would love for potential and current female entrepreneurs to be inspired by the successful work done by not only myself, but all of the talented female employees of DELI LITES. Innovation is a key value to us, and I'd like to think that the work we do is revolutionising the idea of women working in business."

    "As a woman, I also believe I am somewhat more in tune with the family needs of my employees. In order to work on employee wellbeing, we allow flex-shift patterns and are open to working closely with our team to allow employees to accommodate to family needs, as well as any other internal or external support they may require."

    Prioritising progress and improvement


    "I am always seeking ways to improve the business, from working closely with our Product Development Team to implementing training and tactics to help encourage employee morale. This drive to constantly push the business to its absolute limits in all aspects has helped us go from that small venture in the back of my sisters' café making 30 sandwiches a day into a thriving powerhouse of food-to-go products."

    Case Study
    Jackie Reid
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/starting-business-female-entrepreneur-deli-lites

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Choosing the right legal structure for your business (video)

In this guide:

  • Becoming a sole trader

    An overview of the things you need to consider before starting in business on your own and some of the benefits.

    Being a sole trader is the simplest way to run a business as it does not involve paying any registration fees with Companies House. Accounts and record keeping are straightforward, and any profits you make belong to you. However, you are personally liable for any debts that your business runs up, which makes this a risky option for raising capital.

    Management and raising finance

    You make all the decisions on how to manage your business.  You raise money for the business out of your own assets and/or with loans from banks or other lenders.

    Records and accounts

    You must keep records showing your business income and expenses and any profits go to you.

    Tax and National Insurance

    As you are self-employed:

    • your profits are taxed as income
    • you pay fixed-rate Class 2 National Insurance contributions (NICs) regardless of any profits you make
    • you pay Class 4 NICs on any profits
    • you need to register for Self Assessment and complete a tax return each year

    Register for Self Assessment with GOV.UK.

    Liability

    As a sole trader, you are personally responsible for any debts run up by your business. This means your home or other assets may be at risk if your business runs into trouble.

    For more information on starting your own business, see:

    Actions
    Register for Self Assessment
    Also on this site
    Set up as a sole trader
    Working for yourself
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/becoming-sole-trader

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  • Business partnerships

    What you need to consider before starting your new business as a partnership, and the different types of partnership.

    There are three types of partnership:

    • 'ordinary' partnerships
    • limited partnerships
    • limited liability partnerships (LLPs)

    Common features of all types of partnership

    All three types of partnership have the following features in common:

    • two or more persons - ie the partners - share the risks, costs and responsibilities of being in business
    • a partner can be an individual or another business, eg a limited company or another partnership
    • the partners share the partnership's profits and gains, unless the agreement says otherwise
    • each partner is personally responsible for paying tax on their share of the profits and gains, and for their National Insurance contributions
    • each partner must register for Self Assessment with HM Revenue & Customs (HMStarting a RC) and complete an annual tax return
    • a nominated partner must also send HMRC a partnership return
    • partners raise money for the business out of their own assets and/or with loans
    • the partners themselves usually manage the business, although they can delegate certain responsibilities to employees
    • it's possible to have 'sleeping' partners who contribute money to the business but are not involved in running it from day to day
    • the partnership must keep records showing business income and expenses

    'Ordinary' partnerships

    An 'ordinary' partnership has no legal existence distinct from the partners themselves. If a partner resigns, dies, or goes bankrupt, the partnership must dissolve. However, the business can continue.

    A partnership is a relatively simple and flexible way for two or more people to own and run a business together.

    Ordinary partnerships also have to be registered with HMRC for tax purposes. The nominated partner does this by registering the partnership for Self Assessment.

    Limited partnerships

    A limited partnership is made up of a mixture of ordinary partners and limited partners.

    Limited partnerships must register with Companies House but don't generally have to file annual returns or accounts. When they receive the registration Companies House inform HMRC that the limited partnership has been set up. HMRC will set up the partnership's tax records so there is no need to register with them.

    A limited partner's liability is limited to the amount of money they have invested in the business and to any personal guarantees they have given to raise finance.

    Limited liability partnerships (LLPs)

    LLPs must have at least two designated members. LLPs are taxed as partnerships, but have the benefits of being a corporate entity, and members have limited liability.

    LLPs must:

    • register with Companies House
    • send Companies House an annual return
    • file accounts with Companies House

    When they receive the registration Companies House inform HMRC that the LLP has been set up. HMRC will set up the LLP's tax records so there is no need to register with them.

    For further information see set up a business partnership.

    Actions
    Limited partnership registration guidance from Companies House
    LLP registration guidance from Companies House
    Also on this site
    Set up a business partnership
    Content category
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  • Starting a private company

    How to decide whether a private limited company or a private unlimited company is the right structure for your startup.

    There are broadly two types of private company:

    • private limited company
    • private unlimited company

    A private limited company may be limited by shares or by guarantee.

    Common features of private companies

    In relation to set up and administration, a private company:

    • Must be registered with Companies House. You can register either via a paper application form or electronically using a third party with access to the necessary software. 
    • Does not have to appoint a company secretary but if one is appointed, this must be notified to Companies House.
    • Must file its accounts annually with Companies House. The accounts must be audited unless the company is exempt.
    • Must send an annual return to Companies House.

    You can file your annual return and other documents with Companies House using its WebFiling service. See filing company information using Companies House WebFiling.

    Both types of private company must also have at least one member and at least one director.

    Directors must notify Companies House of changes in the structure and management of the business.

    Finance comes from shareholders, loans, and retained profits. Profits are usually distributed to shareholders as dividends, apart from those retained in the business as working capital.

    If the company is active, it must tell HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) that it exists and is liable to Corporation Tax.

    Companies must also comply with HMRC's requirements for PAYE for employers and VAT - see taxes.

    Private limited companies

    Limited companies exist in their own right. This means the company is legally separate from the people who run it, has separate finances from your personal ones and can keep any profits it makes after paying tax.

    A company may be limited by shares or limited by guarantee:

    • A company limited by shares must have at least one shareholder. If you're the only shareholder, you'll own 100 per cent of the company. There's no maximum number of shareholders and all shareholders will need to pay for their shares in full if the company has to shut down.
    • A company is limited by guarantee if members' liability is limited to a sum they agree to contribute if the company is wound up.

    For a company limited by shares, shareholders are not responsible for the company's debts unless they have given guarantees - eg a bank loan.

    Shareholders may be individuals or other companies. However, shares cannot be offered to the general public.

    Private unlimited companies

    A company is an unlimited company if there is no limit on the liability of its members.

    These companies are rare and usually created for specific reasons, so it's strongly recommended you take legal advice before creating one.

    Tax and National Insurance for company directors

    Company directors are regarded as an employed earner for the purposes of paying National Insurance contributions (NICs). This means that company directors must pay both Income Tax and Class 1 NICs on their director's earnings.

    Company directors must complete a Self Assessment tax return each year. You will need to give details of the income from your directorship on the employment pages. Register for Self Assessment with GOV.UK.

    Help
    Companies House Contact Centre
    Actions
    Setting up a company guidance from Companies House
    Also on this site
    Change your business structure
    Set up a limited company
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/starting-private-company

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  • Starting a public limited company

    How to set up a public limited company and decide if it is the right structure for your type of business.

    Public limited companies (PLCs) exist in their own right. This means the company's finances are separate from the personal finances of their members.

    How to set-up a public limited company

    PLCs must:

    • have at least two shareholders
    • have issued shares to the public to a value of at least £50,000 or the prescribed equivalent in euros before it can trade
    • be registered with Companies House
    • have at least two directors - at least one must be an individual. Each director who is an individual must be at least 16 years of age
    • have a qualified company secretary

    Find out about filing company information using Companies House WebFiling.

    Management and raising finance

    Businesses that are PLCs are the only type of business that can raise money by selling shares to the general public:

    • shareholders can be individuals or other companies
    • the shares may or may not be traded on the stock exchange
    • finance can also be raised through loans and retained profits
    • directors may be asked to give personal guarantees of loans to the company
    • a board of directors usually makes the management decisions

    Records and accounts

    PLCs must:

    • send an annual return to Companies House
    • file accounts with Companies House once a year - the accounts must be audited unless the company is exempt

    Directors must notify Companies House of changes in the structure and management of the business.

    Profits

    Profits are usually distributed to shareholders as dividends. The business keeps the rest as working capital.

    Tax and National Insurance

    If a PLC has any taxable income or profits, it must tell HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) that it exists and is liable to Corporation Tax. It must then pay any Corporation Tax that's due and submit a Company Tax Return to HMRC. A PLC must also comply with HMRC's requirements for PAYE for employers and VAT - see taxes.

    Company directors must complete a Self Assessment tax return each year. Find out how to register for Self Assessment with GOV.UK.

    Liability

    The liability of each member is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares.

    Members are not liable for the company's debts. They are only liable if they have given guarantees, such as for a bank loan.

    Help
    Companies House Contact Centre
    Actions
    Company guidance from Companies House
    Also on this site
    Choose the right name for your business
    Corporation Tax
    Set up a limited company
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  • Setting up specific types of limited company

    Gudiance on how you can set up a Community Interest Company (CIC) or a right-to-manage (RTM) company.

    Instead of setting up a 'standard' type of public or private company, you could consider setting up a:

    • Community Interest Company
    • Right-to-manage company

    These types of company are subject to company law in the same way as standard public or private companies - see starting a private company and starting a public limited company.

    However, they must meet additional criteria in order to qualify as the company type concerned.

    Community Interest Company (CIC)

    A CIC is a type of limited company. It is for those who want to run a business for the community, not just for the benefit of its members and shareholders.

    A CIC may be a public or private company limited by:

    • share capital
    • guarantee with or without share capital

    A company cannot become a CIC if it is:

    • a charity
    • a political party, a political campaigning group, or a subsidiary of either

    If you intend to set up a CIC, you must register it with Companies House.

    CICs are often seen as a type of social enterprise and may take the form of:

    • leisure centres
    • housing associations
    • worker-owned co-operatives
    • community development trusts

    See choose the right structure for your social enterprise.

    Right-to-manage (RTM) company

    A RTM company is run by leaseholders who have taken on the landlord's management functions, eg repairs and maintenance of the premises.

    RTM companies do not exist in Scotland, or Northern Ireland.

    For a company to be a RTM company in relation to those premises:

    • it must be a private company limited by guarantee
    • its articles of association must state that its object, or one of its objects, is gaining the right to manage those premises
    Help
    Companies House Contact Centre
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    RTM company guidance from Companies House
    CIC guidance from Companies House
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  • UK economic interest groupings

    Guidance on UK economic interest groupings (UKEIG) and European economic interest groupings (EEIG) business entities.

    A UK Economic Interest Grouping (UKEIG) is a European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) that was registered in the United Kingdom on European Union exit day and was automatically converted to a UKEIG.

    EEIGs registered in the UK on EU exit day would no longer meet the requirements of an EEIG as set out in EU legislation.

    The automatic conversion into a UKEIG ensured that any existing EEIGs registered in the UK could continue to have a clear legal status after the UK had left the EU.

    The UKEIG framework retains as many elements of the EEIG framework as it was possible and practicable to retain.

    The most substantial change is that UKEIGs are unable to transfer their official address outside of the UK.

    No new registrations as a UKEIG will be permitted.

    Find out more about the operations of a UKEIG.

    Help
    Companies House Contact Centre
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/uk-economic-interest-groupings

    Links

  • UK establishments of overseas companies

    The steps for an overseas company to take in order to set up an establishment of their business in the United Kingdom.

    If you are an overseas company, you must register with Companies House within one month of opening a UK establishment. Registration is via paper application only.

    If this is going to be your first UK establishment, you must also send Companies House:

    • a certified copy of your company's constitutional documents, eg charter, statute, memorandum and articles of association, with a certified translation in English if the original is in a language other than English
    • a copy of your company's latest set of accounts, again with a certified translation in English if the original is in a language other than English

    You only have to submit the accounts if either:

    • the accounts must be filed under the law of country in which your company is incorporated - the 'parent law'
    • your company is incorporated in an European Economic Area (EEA) state and the parent law requires you to prepare and disclose accounts but does not require such accounts to be audited or delivered

    If this is going to be an additional UK establishment, you don't have to deliver the constitutional documents. You may instead state in the registration document that you have delivered them in respect of another UK establishment - but you must give the registered number of that establishment.

    You must notify Companies House of any changes to the original registration information. You must deliver the forms notifying the changes to Companies House within 21 days of the change.

    Companies House provide further information on overseas companies.

    Help
    Companies House Contact Centre
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/uk-establishments-overseas-companies

    Links

  • The franchise business model

    A basic overview of how to start your new business by buying a franchise and what to know before signing an agreement.

    A franchise is a business model, not a legal structure. It can operate under a legal structure, like a sole trader, a partnership, or a limited company. See:

    Buying a franchise is a way of taking advantage of the success of an established business. As the 'franchisee', you buy a licence to use the name, products and services of the 'franchisor' business. This licence usually covers a specific geographical area and runs for a limited time. It should be renewable if you meet the franchise agreement's terms.

    Franchise agreements usually set out how the franchised business should be run, although they may allow some flexibility. With no franchise laws, the franchise agreement defines the rights and duties of the franchisor and franchisee, and their relationship.

    Don't sign any agreement or pay any fees or deposits until you have taken legal advice.

    You may pay for the franchise via: 

    • an initial fee
    • ongoing management fees 
    • a percentage of your turnover
    • purchases from the franchisor
    • a combination of these

    You often pay a percentage of your turnover to the franchisor, which reduces your overall profits.

    For further information see how to buy a franchise.

    Help
    BFA Enquiry Line
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    Buy a franchise
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  • Choosing the right legal structure for your business (video)

    Sole trader, partnership or private limited company; this video will help you find the right structure for your startup.

    Choosing a legal structure is one of the first decisions you will make as a business. This short video tutorial outlines the common types of legal structures for businesses. It includes starting a private limited company, becoming a sole trader, or entering a business partnership.

    The video explains the differences between these legal structures, plus their advantages and disadvantages. The tutorial also highlights your responsibilities under each business structure. It will help you choose the right one for your business.

    Also on this site
    Legal structures for businesses - an overview
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/choosing-right-legal-structure-your-business-video

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Part of My New Business

Start your business checklist

Show all

Support for home-based businesses

In this guide:

  • Advantages and disadvantages of starting a business from home

    An overview of the benefits and drawbacks of deciding to start your own business as a home-based enterprise

    Becoming a home-based business owner is an option if you don't actually need to run your business from rented or owned business premises.

    Home business, work from home, and home-based entrepreneurship are popular choices for people who just need a small office or who spend most of their time working on their clients' premises.

    However, working from home may not be an option if it significantly changes the use of your home, or affects your local area, for example if you have lots of visitors. If you rent your home, your licence or lease may include restrictions on using it for business purposes.

    Advantages of starting a business from home

    Some of the main advantages of a home-based business are:

    • lower costs - you do not have a sizeable expenditure on office rental or office purchase
    • time efficiency - you can save time and money by cutting your commute
    • flexible schedule - you can be flexible around the hours you work
    • fewer workplace distractions - you can avoid the distractions and noise of the workplace
    • reduced financial risks - you are taking less of a risk with your new business as less start-up money is required
    • tax savings - working from home can help you save money on tax

    Your business will be able to claim tax relief on domestic bills for the areas of the house used for your business.  If your business is VAT registered, you may be able to claim back VAT on articles you buy for business use.

    Disadvantages of starting a business from home

    The disadvantages of a home-based business can be:

    • blurring work-life boundaries- it may prove difficult to keep work and home-life separate, and there may be domestic distractions and interruptions
    • limited interaction - a lack of contact with other people and businesses
    • long hours - you might end up working long hours
    • isolation - you may feel a sense of isolation if you are working alone at home with few social interactions on a day-to-day basis
    • impact on home finances - your mortgage, home insurance and tax situation may be affected. See how to use your home as a workplace

    Addressing the disadvantages

    It is important to keep your home and work life separate, especially if you have a family. There are simple steps you can take to make this separation - see workspace for a home-based business.

    If you are feeling isolated from other people, our events finder can help you find information on local networking events in your area - search our Events Finder tool.

    You can also get involved in online networking - see Northern Ireland business networks and social media best practice for business.

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    My New Business
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  • Popular home-based business ideas

    How to find the right home business idea which can work for you and inspire your entrepreneurial dreams

    If you don't have a home business idea yet, ask yourself some questions:

    • Is there a gap in the market? Have you tried to buy something that you just can't find? In this case, others may be looking for that product too.
    • What is my passion/skill/hobby? Can you find a way of making a living from it?
    • Can I do something better? Have you seen someone offer a product or service that you think you can offer better yourself?

    Popular business ideas that you can start from home

    Consider opportunities in your local area for services such as:

    • childcare
    • tutoring
    • translation services
    • editorial services
    • dog walking
    • alteration services

    Other popular home-based business ideas include:

    • accountants
    • arts and craft makers
    • bed and breakfast facilities
    • business coaching
    • caterers
    • consultants
    • creating an online shop
    • pet grooming
    • public relations services
    • publishers
    • virtual assistants who provide professional assistance to clients from a home office
    • website designers
    • writing/blogging

    Working 'five to nine'

    You may want to consider starting a business whilst in full or part-time employment, using the evenings and weekends to build your business - see start a part-time business.

    Watch a short video that will help you develop your business idea.

    Actions
    British Library Business & IP Centre
    Invest NI support for business
    Also on this site
    Find and develop a business idea
    Write a business plan: step-by-step
    Research and develop ideas, new products and services
    Buy a franchise
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/popular-home-based-business-ideas

    Links

  • Start-up costs and financing your home-based business

    The most common costs to plan for when starting a business from home and options for financing your initial setup

    If you are looking for some extra funds to start up a home-based business, there are various options to consider.

    For more information, see: 

    Initial costs for a home business

    You will need to buy, lease or rent the equipment for your home office and any materials you need for the service you are supplying - see decide whether to lease or buy assets.

    Finding and keeping in touch with customers is a major issue, so investing in a good computer with relevant software and a broadband connection will be a priority in most cases.

    The most common costs to consider when starting out are:

    • computer or laptop
    • reliable broadband access
    • mobile phone
    • an ergonomic office desk and chair
    • business cards
    • branding merchandising
    • printed materials
    • stock for products you supply
    • packaging materials

    Save on software costs

    When you are factoring software packages into your start-up costs, take a look at the much cheaper or even free options - open-source software such as OpenOffice and Google Docs.

    For more information, see computer software for business and IT for home-based businesses.

    Read further information on managing business finance during the start-up phase.

    Actions
    Invest NI support for business
    Also on this site
    Business financing options - an overview
    IT for home-based business start-ups
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/start-costs-and-financing-your-home-based-business

    Links

  • Record keeping for a home-based business

    Business records you need to keep for your home-based business and tips for getting your record-keeping right

    It is vital to keep full and accurate records of your income and expenses from the start. Keeping records makes sound business sense and is a legal requirement. So, it is important to get a proper system in place from the outset, and update the information regularly.

    Advantages of good record-keeping for home businesses

    Keeping good records helps you:

    • complete your tax returns more easily and quickly
    • pay the right tax at the right time
    • avoid paying unnecessary interest and penalties

    You should keep invoices and receipts to show what you have bought or sold relating to your business.

    If you are employing others, you must keep records of their wages and tax, and National Insurance you have deducted and paid to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC).

    Keeping bank statements and building society books is vital, especially if you don't have a separate business account. You should be able to show clearly what you have spent personally and what is spent on business. If you use cash, you will need till receipts and a record book to keep track of it all.

    If you are using part of your home for business, then you should keep copies of the utility bills so that you can work out the amount spent in relation to your business.

    If you have an accountant, you might want to get their advice on what system suits your business and on how to keep your records up to date.

    Keeping records is important as you can be penalised for not taking reasonable care with records and tax returns. HMRC provide information about taking reasonable care and how to avoid tax penalties.

    For further information on record-keeping see:

    Actions
    HMRC record-keeping information
    Invest NI support for business
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/record-keeping-home-based-business

    Links

  • IT for home-based business start-ups

    Getting your home business IT investment right to ensure an engaging and secure customer-facing online presence

    The home business owner depends on technology - to find and keep customers and to keep in touch with suppliers, partners and contacts.

    Email and the internet offer simple and effective methods of customer care and management, while information technology (IT) can help you with almost every aspect of your business.

    For more information, see the benefits of email and the internet.

    The benefits of a website for a home business

    Websites have become a must-have marketing tool for most businesses. Websites are good for:

    • attracting sales
    • branding your product or service
    • keeping in touch with customers through email updates

    You might want to start by using an 'off the shelf' template site. These can come with in-built payment systems for selling online and search engine optimisation (SEO) for pushing your site higher up in online search result.

    For more information see search engine optimisation.

    If you are thinking of selling products online, remember that you can also do this through existing auction websites.

    Online networking and social media for home businesses

    You can use social media like Twitter and LinkedIn to keep in touch with other business owners. This will alert you to business development opportunities and help overcome any feelings of isolation you experience as a home business owner. For more information, read social media best practice for business and Northern Ireland business networks.

    Working away from home

    IT doesn't just allow you to build a professional office at home - it enables you to work on the move. Technology such as WiFi, USB dongles, smartphones and video conferencing apps means that you can work wherever you want - see mobile technology.

    Cloud computing provides businesses with a way of managing data and software requirements over the internet - 'in the cloud'. This makes your business information accessible from any computer or mobile device with an internet connection and web browser. Cloud computing can provide a cost effective and flexible solution to your IT requirements - see cloud computing.

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  • Workspace for a home-based business

    Work equipment and workspace requirements, planning permission and questions to ask yourself

    It is important to create a dedicated workspace. It allows you to work without distraction and close the door on work at the end of the day.

    Workspace priorities in the home

    The area that you use for work should ideally be clearly marked as such. A spare room with a lockable door or an outbuilding are popular choices enabling home business owners to:

    • deal with clients in a professional manner
    • resist demands from other members of the household
    • keep work equipment separate from home equipment and therefore protected

    Allocating part of your house as a workplace can have tax and insurance implications - see tax considerations of working from home.

    You can create a space to call your own by:

    • using office equipment in a general area of the house and putting it away when not in use
    • housing your workstation in a cupboard, wardrobe or under-stair space with lockable shutters or doors

    Work equipment and workstation set-up

    When setting up your work area:

    • your chair and desk should be fully adjustable and suited for computer use
    • your desk should be big enough for your computer, keyboard and monitor
    • use storage to keep office free of clutter
    • when sitting at your desk, keep your feet flat on the floor and your back straight - the top of your monitor should be at eye level

    For more information see how to use your home as a workplace.

    You must carry out a health and safety risk assessment on your workspace - see manage the risks in your business.

    Home business and planning permission

    If you are making substantial changes to your home to accommodate your business you should contact your local council to find out whether you will need planning permission to work from home.

    Set up a virtual office

    If you need to see clients for your business but you still want to run your business from home, a possible solution is using a virtual office. Watch the following short video to help you decide if a virtual office could work for your business.

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  • Running your home-based business

    How to keep your home business running smoothly with business development, customer care and administration

    Managing your business properly will improve your chances of success and prepare you to grow your business.

    Developing relationships from a home-based business

    The more you communicate with customers, suppliers and other entrepreneurs, the more business opportunities you will identify. Consider the following:

    Cashflow for home businesses

    Cashflow is the lifeblood of every business. You should do all you can to ensure that money owed is coming into the business. You can ensure prompt payment by issuing invoices on time and having a system in place to alert you to non-payment - see cashflow management and getting paid on time.

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    Cashflow management
    Credit checking your customers and setting credit limits
    Plan your business IT systems
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  • Support for home-based businesses

    Support organisations, online resources and networking events can provide support for home-based businesses

    A wide range of help is available to you if you're starting a business from home. You can get help from a variety of local organisations, government agencies and online sources. Other forms of support can be obtained from events such as networking meetings and business workshops.

    Home business support includes:

    • Go Succeed Start experts in your local council will help you to create a business plan, seek funding and put all the foundations in place to get your business up and running - complete a short enquiry form or call 0800 027 0639 to register for this free advice and guidance.
    • The Northern Ireland Business Support Finder is a searchable database that can help you find publicly-funded and not-for-profit sources of assistance you may be eligible to apply for. Support may be available in a number of forms, including financial assistance and free or subsidised advice services - search for business support and finance.
    • Invest NI's regional office network offers training and advisory services to those starting up in business - see Invest NI business support opportunities.
    • Enterprise NI is a network of local enterprise agencies that offers key assistance to your business, whether you are already established or just starting up - find your local enterprise agency.
    • Mentoring can help you develop business skills. Building a relationship with a mentor can have a positive effect on your business, whether you are just starting up or are already established. A mentor can help you develop important business skills, support you in making important decisions and put you in touch with useful business contacts - see the benefits of business mentoring.
    • Northern Ireland Chamber of Commerce offers support and advice and may organise networking meetings for businesses of a similar size and in similar business sectors.
    • Our Events Finder tool can help you to find a range of networking events and workshops in your local area - search the Events Finder.
    • Social media channels like Twitter and LinkedIn can alert you to business development opportunities and help you overcome any feelings of isolation you experience as a home business owner - see social media platforms.

    My New Business

    My New Business is a free online service that covers everything you need to plan, start and run a business. It has videos and tools, plus other learning resources - like tutorials and case studies. All of them are aimed at helping people like you get your business started.

    It also includes checklists that cover everything from coming up with a strong business idea and developing it, to identifying and reaching your customers to turn that idea into a successful business - see My New Business.

    Also on this site
    Ten steps to a successful start-up
    Business mentoring
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/support-home-based-businesses

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  • Growth options for a home-based business

    How to manage the growth of your home business by employing people, outsourcing and meeting spaces

    When it comes to growing your business, one popular option is to focus on what you do best and outsource the rest.

    Employing staff

    If you are thinking of employing people, you need to determine their employment status, for example whether you will treat them as employees, contractors or sub-contractors, or simply 'volunteer' family and friends - see recruiting staff.

    If you employ someone, you will have extra responsibilities relating to health and safety - for more information read what you need to do about health and safety.

    Outsourcing

    You can grow your business without increasing headcount or expanding your premises, by outsourcing, for example:

    • accounts
    • administration
    • telemarketing - for generating leads
    • PR
    • design and copywriting

    For more information, see outsourcing.

    Meeting spaces

    As your business grows, you may find that your home is no longer suitable for all your business needs. Remember that you can rent managed workspace and meeting facilities for occasional use through business centres. These can be found in central locations in many towns across the United Kingdom.

    For further information on business growth see:

    Go Succeed Grow

    If your business is already established and is now ready to expand, but you're not sure how to progress, Go Succeed Grow experts in your local council will provide tailored support to help shorten the journey to business growth.

    Complete a short enquiry form or call 0800 027 0639 to register for this free advice and guidance.

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  • Seven tips for starting a business from home

    Starting a business from home is a popular option for many businesses - here are some tips to help you get started

    Starting a business from home is a popular option for many businesses. Generally, the costs will be lower, you can avoid travel expenses and you have the freedom and flexibility to work the hours you choose in an environment that you create yourself. These tips highlight things to consider when setting up your home business:

    1. Start-up costs

    You will need to buy, lease or rent the equipment for your home office and any materials you need for the service you are supplying. Common costs include a computer/laptop, broadband access, mobile phone, desk/chair, business cards and stock if you are supplying products.

    2. Workspace

    It is important to create a dedicated workspace. It allows you to work without distraction and close the door on work at the end of the day. It will also allow you to deal with clients in a professional manner, resist demands from other members of the household and keep work equipment separate from home equipment. You must also carry out a health and safety risk assessment to identify any possible hazards to yourself, workers, visitors and other members of your household.

    3. Planning permission

    If running your business from home means that the use of the building changes, or the activities that you undertake have an effect on the area where you live, you may need to apply for planning permission from your local council. For example, changes could include increased traffic near your property caused by your business operations or the need to make structural alterations to your home.

    4. Tax considerations

    Working from home can affect your tax situation. Your business will be able to claim tax relief on domestic bills for the areas of the house used for your business. If your business is VAT registered, you may be able to claim back VAT on articles you buy for business use. If you have set aside a room solely for working in, you'll have to work out if there's Capital Gains Tax to pay if you sell your house.

    5. IT requirements

    Many home business owners depend on technology to keep in touch with suppliers, partners and contacts. Access to email and the internet will support you with these activities.

    6. Record keeping

    Keeping accurate records is important as you may incur penalties for not taking reasonable care with records and tax returns.  Keep invoices and receipts to show what you have bought or sold relating to your business. If you are employing others, you must keep records of their wages, tax and National Insurance you have deducted and paid to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). Keeping bank statements and building society books is vital, especially if you don't have a separate business account.

    7. Networking

    Online networking allows you to build and maintain business relationships. You can use social media platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn to keep in touch with other business owners and identify new customers. This will alert you to business development opportunities and help overcome any feelings of isolation you may experience as a home business owner.

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    Start a business from home
    Step-by-step guide to starting a business
    Content category
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Six top tips for business networking

In this guide:

  • What networks are available to Northern Ireland businesses?

    Business networking events hosted by business support organisations across Northern Ireland

    Making links with local businesses is a key element to business success in Northern Ireland.

    Northern Ireland networks for all businesses

    Most businesses can find some benefit from joining a business network in Northern Ireland. From simple best practice advice to networking for trade opportunities, there are business organisations in Northern Ireland ready to make those business connections possible.

    Specialist business networks in Northern Ireland

    Business networking opportunities are available across Northern Ireland and it is possible to find networking groups and services tailored for specific groups of people or business sectors.

    There are many opportunities to build your own network in Northern Ireland. Trade shows, conferences, seminars and networking events organised by trade associations, professional bodies and business support organisations offer a good opportunity to meet new contacts - see how to build your own network.

    Also on this site
    Networking for staff development
    Overview of Northern Ireland business
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/what-networks-are-available-northern-ireland-businesses

    Links

  • Build your own business network

    Create and make the most of an informal business network in Northern Ireland

    Developing your own Northern Ireland business network could be a key part of the success of your business. Over the years a good network gets stronger, adding value to your business.

    Your network will be unique to you, and some of the best contacts you will make may not come from formal events. You should try to build your own web of contacts from the people you meet at work every day. Opportunities to make contacts can arise from social setting such as sports clubs, local evening classes, community centres, and at parties.

    Successful network building

    Aim to establish a good relationship with everyone useful you meet. To get the best from your new contacts you should:

    • file notes and business cards after each meeting
    • follow up each contact by phone or email
    • remind your contact which business you are from and tell them you found it a pleasure meeting them
    • maintain regular contact and update them about changes to your business
    • keep up to speed with their business developments
    • agree a way forward, for example, setting up a face-to-face meeting

    As well as the contacts you make in person, you can start online networking. It lets you share knowledge and connect with people in Northern Ireland and worldwide. Some online networking sites will request a short profile of your business for inclusion.

    LinkedIn is a great way to meet fellow entrepreneurs, reach your audience and network - see LinkedIn for business.

    Also on this site
    Networking for staff development
    Overview of Northern Ireland business
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/build-your-own-business-network

    Links

  • Six top tips for business networking

    Networking tips for raising your profile, meeting new customers and suppliers, sharing knowledge and sourcing finance

    Successful networking has many advantages for businesses. It can help you to:

    • raise your profile
    • meet new customers and suppliers
    • share ideas and knowledge
    • source finance

    Follow these tips to help you build your business network.

    1. Be proactive

      Research local business networks and events relevant to your industry. Use tools like the Events Finder to find local networking events. Attending these events increases your chances of making valuable connections.

    2. Network online and offline

      Build relationships both in person and online. In-person networking helps you establish personal connections. LinkedIn lets you reach a wider audience. Use both methods to grow a stronger network. See LinkedIn for business.

    3. Prepare for networking events

      Bring plenty of business cards and only share them with those genuinely interested in your business. Dress appropriately for the event and research key people you want to meet ahead of time. Being well-prepared ensures productive conversations. See what networks are available to Northern Ireland businesses?

    4. Perfect your business pitch

      Have a clear and concise pitch ready about your business. Be enthusiastic and passionate when sharing your story—it helps make a lasting impression. A well-crafted pitch can also help you attract the right contacts. See how to pitch to potential investors.

    5. Build genuine relationships

      Focus on building rapport with the people you meet. Be informative, engaging, and ask thoughtful questions. Listen carefully to them. Strong relationships come from real communication.

    6. Always follow-up

      When you meet someone new at a networking or industry event, it is important to exchange contact details so you can stay in touch. It is good practice to send the other person a brief email the next day or invite them to connect with you on a site such as LinkedIn. If there is something specific you wish to discuss with a new contact, suggest a follow-up meeting.

    In addition, this short video provides an overview of business networking and highlights typical networking opportunities.

    Also on this site
    Networking for staff development
    Overview of Northern Ireland business
    LinkedIn for business
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/six-top-tips-business-networking

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Part of My New Business

Pre-start checklist

Show all

Checklist: set up a limited company

In this guide:

  • How to set up a limited company

    To set up a private limited company, register with Companies House, providing a name, address, director, shareholder details, SIC code, and control information.

    To set up a private limited company you need to register with Companies House. This is known as 'incorporation'.

    You'll need:

    • a suitable company name
    • an address for the company
    • at least one director
    • details of the company's shares - you need at least one shareholder
    • to check what your SIC code is - this identifies what your company does

    You'll also need:

    • shareholders to agree to create the company and the written rules (known as 'memorandum and articles of association')
    • details of people with significant control over your company, for example anyone with more than 25 per cent shares or voting rights
       
    Actions
    Register your limited company
    Also on this site
    Set up as a sole trader
    Content category
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    Source URL

    /content/how-set-limited-company

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  • Name your limited company

    What you can and cannot name your company in the UK, including specific words you need permission to use

    You must choose a name for your business if you're setting up a private limited company.

    There are different rules for business partnerships and sole traders - see naming your partnership and naming your business as a sole trader. 

    Your name can't be the same as another registered company's name. If your name is too similar to another company's name you may have to change it if someone makes a complaint.

    Your name must usually end in either 'Limited' or 'Ltd'.

    Check the Companies House register.

    'Same as' company names

    'Same as' names include those where the only difference to an existing name is:

    • certain punctuation
    • certain special characters, for example the 'plus' sign
    • a word or character that's similar in appearance or meaning to another from the existing name
    • a word or character used commonly in UK company names

    For example, 'Hands UK Ltd' and 'Hand's Ltd' are the same as 'Hands Ltd'.

    You can only register a 'same as' name if:

    • your company is part of the same group as the company or Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) with the existing name
    • you have written confirmation that the company or LLP has no objection to your new name

    GOV.UK provides further guidance on requirements when naming your company. 

    'Too like' company names

    You may have to change your name if someone complains and Companies House agrees it's 'too like' a name registered before yours.

    For example, 'Easy Electrics For You Ltd' is the same as 'EZ Electrix 4U Ltd'

    Companies House will contact you if they think your name is too like another - and tell you what to do.

    Other rules for company names

    Your company name can't be offensive.

    Your name also can't contain a 'sensitive' word or expression, or suggest a connection with government or local authorities, unless you get permission.

    For example, to use 'Accredited' in your company's name, you need permission from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).

    GOV.UK outlines which words you need permission to use, and who from.

    Trading names

    You can trade using a different name from your registered name. This is known as a 'business name'.

    Business names must not:

    • be the same as an existing trade mark
    • include 'limited', 'Ltd', 'limited liability partnership, 'LLP', 'public limited company' or 'plc'
    • contain a 'sensitive' word or expression unless you get permission

    You'll need to register your name as a trade mark if you want to stop people from trading under your business name.

    You can't use another company's trade mark as your business name.

    Displaying your company name

    There are rules that you must follow when displaying your name on signs, stationery, promotional material and invoices. For example, you must display a sign showing your company name at your registered company address and wherever your business operates. If you're running your business from home, you don't need to display a sign there.

    Know the rules you must follow on displaying your company name.

    When you don't have to use 'limited' in your company name

    You don't have to use 'limited' in your name if your company is a registered charity or limited by guarantee and your articles of association say your company:

    • promotes or regulates commerce, art, science, education, religion, charity or any profession
    • can't pay its shareholders, for example through dividends
    • requires each shareholder to contribute to company assets if it's wound up during their membership, or within a year of them stopping being a shareholder
    Actions
    Check the Companies House register
    GOV.UK guidance on requirements when naming your company
    GOV.UK guidance on words you need permission to use in your company name
    Also on this site
    Naming your business partnership
    Naming your business as a sole trader
    How to register a trade mark
    Signs, stationery and promotional material
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/name-your-limited-company

    Links

  • Company addresses

    What types of addresses can be used as your registered company address including your home address or a PO Box

    Your registered office address is where official communications will be sent, for example letters from Companies House.

    The address must be:

    • a physical address in the UK
    • in the same country your company is registered in, for example a company registered in Northern Ireland must have a registered office address in Northern Ireland

    You can use a PO Box. You must include a physical address and postcode.

    You can use your home address or the address of the person who will manage your Corporation Tax.

    Your company address will be publicly available on the online register.

    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/company-addresses

    Links

  • Appoint directors and a company secretary

    Rules for appointing a company director and a company secretary and an overview of their legal responsibilities

    Your company must have at least one director. Directors are legally responsible for running the company and making sure company accounts and reports are properly prepared.

    A director must be 16 or over and not be disqualified from being a director.

    Directors don't have to live in the UK but companies must have a UK registered office address.

    Directors' names and addresses are publicly available from Companies House and their identity must be verified. You can stop your home address from appearing on the register if you or your family are at risk of abuse or harm because of your company's work.

    Read further guidance on directors' responsibilities.

    Appointing company secretaries

    You don't need a company secretary for a private limited company. Some companies use them to take on some of the director's responsibilities.

    The company secretary can be a director but can't be:

    • the company's auditor
    • an 'undischarged bankrupt' - unless they have permission from the court

    The restrictions placed on a person when they're made bankrupt usually end when they're free from their debts (known as 'discharged'). You can check if someone has been discharged using the Insolvency Register.

    Even if you have a company secretary, the directors are legally responsible for the company.

    Actions
    Stop your address from appearing on the Companies House register
    Check if someone has been discharged using the Insolvency Register
    Also on this site
    Limited company director responsibilities
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/appoint-directors-and-company-secretary

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  • Shares and shareholders

    Working out shares, issuing shares and setting prescribed particulars for shareholders of your limited company

    Most limited companies are 'limited by shares'. This means they're owned by shareholders, who have certain rights. For example, directors may need shareholders to vote and agree changes to the company.

    Work out your shares

    A company limited by shares must have at least one shareholder, who can be a director. If you're the only shareholder, you'll own 100 per cent of the company. There's no maximum number of shareholders.

    The price of an individual share can be any value. Shareholders will need to pay for their shares in full if the company has to shut down. You can choose a low share value (for example, £1) to limit the shareholders' liability to a reasonable amount.

    Issuing your initial shares

    When you register a company, you need to provide information about the shares (known as a 'statement of capital'). This includes:

    • the number of shares of each type the company has and their total value - known as the company's 'share capital'
    • the names and addresses of all shareholders - known as 'subscribers' or 'members'

    For example, a company that issues 500 shares at £1 each has a share capital of £500.

    Prescribed particulars

    You also need to include information about what rights each type of share (known as 'class') gives the shareholder. This information is known as 'prescribed particulars' and must include:

    • what share of dividends they get
    • whether they can exchange ('redeem') their shares for money
    • whether they can vote on certain company matters
    • how many votes they get

    For further information see company shares and shareholders.

    Also on this site
    Company changes you must report
    Company shares and shareholders
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/shares-and-shareholders

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  • Memorandum and articles of association

    You must have a memorandum and articles of association in order to register a limited company in the UK

    When you register your company, you need:

    • a memorandum of association - a legal statement signed by all initial shareholders agreeing to form the company
    • articles of association - written rules about running the company agreed by the shareholders, directors and the company secretary

    Memorandum of association

    You can use the Companies House memorandum of association template. You can't update the memorandum once the company has been registered.

    Articles of association

    You can use standard articles (known as 'model articles').

    You can write your own articles but if you do, you can't register your company online.

    Community interest companies

    You can't use limited company model articles if you're setting up your legal structure as a community interest company (CIC) - see choose the right structure for your social enterprise.

    Use the CIC regulator's model constitutions instead.

    Actions
    Companies House memorandum of association template
    GOV.UK guidance on model articles
    CIC regulator’s model constitutions
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    Choose the right structure for your social enterprise
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    Source URL

    /content/memorandum-and-articles-association

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  • Register your limited company

    How to register a company online, by post, using software or appointing someone else to deal with HMRC on your behalf

    You can register your company if you have everything you need to set up.

    Register your company online

    You can register online if your company is limited by shares and uses standard articles of association ('model articles').

    It costs £100 and can be paid by debit or credit card. Your company is usually registered within 24 hours.

    Register now.

    Register your company by post

    You can register by post using form IN01.

    Postal applications take eight to ten days and cost £124 (paid by cheque made out to 'Companies House').

    Send your application to the address on the form.

    Other ways to register your company

    You can also register your company:

    After you've registered your company

    Once the company is registered you'll get a 'certificate of incorporation'. This confirms the company legally exists and shows the company number and date of formation.

    You'll also need to register for Corporation Tax within three months of starting to do business.

    Actions
    Register your limited company
    Register your limited company by post with form IN01
    Also on this site
    Register for Corporation Tax
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/register-your-limited-company

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  • Register for Corporation Tax

    How to register for Corporation Tax including information you need to provide and how to get a Unique Taxpayer Reference

    After you've registered your company with Companies House, you'll need to register it for Corporation Tax.

    You'll need to do this within three months of starting to do business. This includes buying, selling, advertising, renting a property and employing someone. You may get a penalty if you register late.

    If you are unsure of what counts as starting to do business, see working for yourself.

    How to register for Corporation Tax

    You'll need your company's 10-digit Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) before you register for Corporation Tax online with HMRC.

    This is posted to your company address by HMRC, usually within a few days of the company being registered with Companies House (incorporated).

    Call the HMRC helpline on Tel: 0300 200 3410 if you didn't get a UTR after registering your company.

    Information you'll need to register for Corporation Tax

    When registering, you'll need to tell HMRC:

    • your company's registration number
    • the date you started to do business (your company's first accounting period will start from this date)
    • the date your annual accounts are made up to

    What happens after registering for Corporation Tax

    HMRC will tell you the deadline for paying Corporation Tax.

    You'll need to file a Company Tax Return, even if you make a loss or have no Corporation Tax to pay - see GOV.UK information on Company Tax Returns.

    Finding your UTR in future

    Your 10-digit UTR will be on all letters from HMRC and within HMRC online services. You need it:

    Actions
    Register for Corporation Tax with HMRC
    Send your Company Tax Return using commercial software
    HMRC online services
    Also on this site
    Working for yourself
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/register-corporation-tax

    Links

  • Checklist: set up a limited company

    A useful list of things you need to do to when setting up a limited company and organisations you need to contact

    To set up a limited company there are several things you must do. Make sure that you:

    It's worth remembering that this is just a start. As you continue in business, you may have other legal and tax issues to bear in mind.

    Actions
    Register your limited company
    Also on this site
    Register for Corporation Tax
    Checklist: set up as a sole trader
    Checklist: set up a business partnership
    Content category
    Starting a business

    Source URL

    /content/checklist-set-limited-company

    Links

Checklist: set up a business partnership

In this guide:

  • Setting up a business partnership

    Learn how to set up a business partnership, choose a nominated partner, and manage tax responsibilities.

    In a partnership, you and your partner (or partners) personally share responsibility for your business. This includes:

    • any losses your business makes
    • bills for things you buy for your business, like stock or equipment
    • sharing the business profits, with each partner paying tax on their share

    A partner doesn't have to be a person. For example, a limited company can also be a partner because it’s a ‘legal person’ - see set up a limited company.

    How to set up a partnership

    To set up a business partnership, you need to:

    • choose a name
    • choose a 'nominated partner'
    • register with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)

    Business partnership tax responsibilities

    Each partner is responsible for paying tax on their share of the business's profits. The 'nominated partner' is in charge of handling the partnership's tax returns and keeping business records.

    Differences between limited partnerships and LLPs

    There are different rules for limited partnerships and limited liability partnerships (LLPs):

    • limited partnerships - at least one partner has unlimited liability, while the other partners have limited liability.
    • limited liability partnerships (LLPs) - all partners are protected from personal losses beyond their investment in the business.

    See GOV.UK guidance on set up and run a limited liability partnership and set up and run a limited partnership.

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  • Naming your business partnership

    What you can and cannot name your business partnership in the UK, including words you need permission to use

    You can trade under your own names, or you can choose another name for your business. You don't need to register your name.

    You must include all the partners' names and the business name (if you have one) on official paperwork, for example invoices and letters.

    Rules for business partnership names

    Business partnership names must not:

    • include 'limited', 'Ltd', 'limited liability partnership, 'LLP', 'public limited company' or 'plc'
    • be offensive
    • be the same as an existing trade mark - see company name and trade mark checker

    Your name also can't contain a 'sensitive' word or expression, or suggest a connection with government or local authorities, unless you get permission.  For example, to use 'Accredited' in your company's name, you need permission from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).

    GOV.UK outlines which words you need permission to use, and who from.

    Protecting your business name

    You'll need to register your name as a trade mark if you want to stop people from trading under your business name.

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  • Register your business partnership

    How to register a business partnership online, via post or by appointing someone else to deal with HMRC on your behalf

    You must register your partnership for Self Assessment with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) if you're the 'nominated partner'. This means you're responsible for sending the partnership tax return.

    The other partners need to register separately.

    Register a partner or partnership with HMRC.

    All partners also need to send their own tax returns as individuals - GOV.UK has further information on Self Assessment tax returns.

    HMRC registration deadlines for partnerships

    You must register by 5 October in your business's second tax year, or you could be charged a penalty. For example, if you started a partnership or became a partner during the 2021 to 2022 tax year, you must register before 5 October 2022.

    Other ways to register your partnership

    You can also register the partnership using HMRC form SA400 if you can't register online. You can register as a partner using form SA401.

    Registering for VAT

    You must also register for VAT if your VAT taxable turnover is more than £90,000. You can choose to register if it's below this, for example to reclaim VAT on business supplies.

    Another option is to appoint an agent to deal with HMRC on your behalf - GOV.UK provides guidance on what you need to do to appoint an agent to deal with HMRC on your behalf.

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  • Checklist: set up a business partnership

    A handy checklist of steps you must take when you are initially setting up your business partnership

    To set up your business partnership properly, there are a few key questions to consider. Keep in mind that as your business develops, new legal and tax requirements may arise.

    How do I register my business partnership for self assessment with HMRC?

    To set up your tax and National Insurance records, you must register your partnership for Self Assessment with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). If your partnership is a limited liability partnership (LLP), both the business and the individual partners must be registered - see understanding Self Assessment and your tax return.

    Do I need to register my LLP with Companies House?

    If your business partnership is an LLP, you must register your business with Companies House - see starting a company or partnership.

    Do I need planning permission for my business?

    Obtain any planning permission that you may need from your local council - find your local council in Northern Ireland.

    What licences or permits do I need for my business?

    Your business may require specific licences or permits to operate legally. Use the licence finder tool to find out what licences or permits your business may require.

    Do I need to pay business rates, and how do I check?

    Contact the Land and Property Services to find out whether you need to pay business rates - see business rates: the basics.

    Do I need to register for VAT for my business?

    If your business expects an annual turnover of more than £85,000, you are required to register for VAT with HMRC. If your turnover is below this, you can still choose to register voluntarily - see registering for VAT.

    How do I register for PAYE if I have employees?

    If your partnership has employees, you must register for Pay As You Earn (PAYE) with HMRC - see registering and getting started with PAYE.

    How do I register for the Construction Industry Scheme (CIS)?

    If you're a contractor or subcontractor in the construction industry, you must register for the Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) with HMRC - see contractors and the Construction Industry Scheme.

    How do I set up a financial record-keeping system for my business?

    It’s essential to have a financial record-keeping system to manage your business finances - see set up a basic record-keeping system.

    Where should I include my business name on stationery?

    Make sure your business name appears on all official business stationery, including letters, invoices, receipts, and cheques - see name your business.

    How do I set payment terms with customers?

    Set clear terms and conditions for your customers, including specific invoice payment deadlines - see ensure customers pay you on time.

    What business insurance do I need, and how do I get it?

    Ensure all business insurance requirements are in place - see business insurance: the basics.

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Advice and support for family-run businesses

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  • Advantages and disadvantages of family businesses

    Some of the advantages and disadvantages which you can typically encounter when running a family business.

    If you start or join a family business, you'll likely gain some advantages that you often won't find in other companies. On the other hand, you may face issues with family-run businesses.

    Advantages of family businesses

    • Common values — family members often share the same beliefs and long-term goals, creating a unified approach to business operations. This alignment can foster a strong company culture and a clear sense of purpose.
    • Strong commitment - family members are typically more invested in the success of the business. This can lead to greater dedication, longer working hours, and a willingness to go the extra mile.
    • Loyalty and trust - strong personal bonds mean you and family members are likely to stick together in hard times which can contribute to the long-term success of the business.
    • Long-term planning - Family businesses often focus on sustainability and legacy, encouraging strategic decisions that benefit future generations.
    • Cost savings - family members may be more willing to make financial sacrifices for the sake of the business. For example, they might accept lower pay to help the business long-term or they might defer wages during a cash flow crisis. You may also find you don't need employers' liability insurance if you only employ close family members.

    Disadvantages of family businesses

    • Lack of skills or experience - some family businesses will appoint family members into roles that they do not have the skills or training for. This can have a negative effect on the success of the business and lead to a stressful working environment.
    • Family conflict - personal disagreements can spill into the workplace, affecting morale and productivity. Unresolved disputes may destabilise the business.
    • Favouritism - can you be objective when promoting staff and only promote the best person for the job whether they are a relative or not? It is important to make business decisions for business reasons, rather than personal ones. This can sometimes be difficult if family members are involved.
    • Succession planning - many family business owners may find it difficult to decide who will be in charge of the business if they were to step down. The leader should determine objectively who can best take the business forward and aim to reduce the potential for future conflict. This can be a daunting decision.

    For further information see employing family members.

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  • Key things to consider when setting up a family business

    Common challenges when starting a family business such as allocating shares, job roles and ensuring good communication.

    Setting up a family business can be an exciting challenge. Before you go ahead, consider how to deal with issues that can arise in family-run businesses. Consider:

    • how the business' shares will be allocated between family members and if there will be non-family shareholders
    • how to ensure business decisions are taken for business reasons, rather than personal ones
    • how the roles and responsibilities will differ between family shareholders who are active in the business, those who aren't, and outside shareholders
    • how to reward family members, whether it will be different to remuneration for non-family members and what problems this could cause
    • how you will cope with conflict when it arises
    • how to communicate with your family when you are also their boss
    • how to communicate with non-family managers to ensure they have the key operational information to perform their duties effectively
    • how to avoid resentment when deciding who will succeed you
    • how to ensure that the family's finances aren't entirely dependent on the business

    For further information on family businesses see employing family members and transferring a business to a family member.

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  • Advice and support for family-run businesses

    Details of dedicated advice and support organisations for starting up and running your family businesses.

    Getting the right support is central to making your business a success. There are a number of organisations that offer support specifically for family-run businesses.

    • The Family Business UK is a not-for-profit membership organisation that supports and represents the United Kingdom's thriving family business sector.
    • Family Business United is an online resource centre and magazine for the global family business community. It includes a regional section specifically focused on Northern Ireland.

    For further information on family businesses see employing family members and transferring a business to a family member.

    Northern Ireland business support finder

    The Northern Ireland business support finder is a searchable database that can help you find publicly-funded and not-for-profit sources of business assistance you may be eligible to apply for. Support may be available in a number of forms, including financial assistance and free or subsidised advice services.

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  • Managing conflict in family businesses

    Using family constitutions and encouraging good communication to manage conflict and channel it as a driver for change.

    The potential for conflict in family businesses can be greater than for other businesses - typically due to a clash between commercial and emotional concerns.

    However, conflict can be seen as a challenge - or even as a positive driver for change. For example, a disagreement between family members on the strategic direction of your business may result in a much-needed rethinking of your business plan and a new agreed vision for the business.

    Such outcomes, though, are only possible if techniques for avoiding, managing and resolving disputes have already been established.

    How to avoid conflict in family businesses

    Think about how people in your family business communicate with each other. Are emotional issues kept separate from business discussions? Are mechanisms in place to allow all employees - not just family members - to contribute their views? Or does one person tend to dominate?

    The best way of avoiding conflict is to prevent misunderstandings from happening in the first place. Drawing up a family constitution can help you achieve this.

    Plan how you'll deal with conflict and disagreements and set this out in the family business constitution, for further information see: 

    Holding a meeting of the business' management may be appropriate for addressing relatively minor disputes.

    For more serious matters you may want to involve an independent third party - many family businesses benefit from having a non-executive director or business adviser - to act as an impartial mediator.

    Mediation Northern Ireland supports parties dealing with change, contention, conflict and difference to find acceptable and non-violent agreement.

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  • Effective communication in family businesses

    How to prevent misunderstanding and conflict arising by providing feedback mechanisms and involving advisers.

    Good communication can prevent misunderstandings and disputes in family businesses. Without it, the risks include that:

    • family members assume they know what other family members feel or want
    • personal ties prevent honest opinions being expressed
    • the head of the family may take control of the business, even if they lack skills
    • one family member could end up dominating the business
    • family-member shareholders who aren't active in the business may not understand the goals of those who are, and vice versa
    • personal resentments become business resentments, and vice versa
    • non-family board or management members feel excluded

    Five tips to improve communication

    To support open, honest discussions, where all family members feel safe voicing their concerns, consider these tips:

    1. Separate personal and business issues

      Hold all meetings in a work, not home, environment. This will remove personal issues from business discussions.

    2. Encourage constructive feedback

      Create ways to give constructive feedback. This can help prevent non-family staff from feeling demotivated and uninvolved.

    3. Organise away days

      Hold occasional away days to discuss the business strategy and direction without daily distractions.

    4. Implement impartial supervision

      Appoint a non-executive director or create an advisory board. They can provide an impartial view and help keep emotions from clouding business decisions.

    5. Create a family constitution

      Develop a family constitution creating policies that will guide the family's relationship with the business.

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  • Develop a remuneration strategy for your family business

    How to apply fair, consistent and open principles when devising a remuneration strategy in a family business.

    Remuneration needn't be a thorny issue for family-run businesses. It's a good idea to have a remuneration strategy which is consistent, fair and open.

    Resentment and conflict tend to occur when these three attributes are missing - for example, if family staff members are paid more than non-family employees without good reason.

    Family members who hold shares but who aren't active in the business may also question the remuneration of those who are.

    Develop a remuneration strategy for your family-run business

    • When creating a remuneration strategy for your family business, consider the following:
    • An individual's pay should be based on their value rather than their personal need. Look at what the market rate is for the job.
    • Avoid attracting family members into the business with inflated salaries. Likewise, they don’t have to accept unreasonably low wages to demonstrate loyalty.
    • Set clear criteria for benefits, bonuses, and incentives.
    • Prevent the use of unreasonable high salaries and fake jobs to transfer tax-deductible wealth to family.
    • Agree on post-retirement remuneration plans before they come to play.
    • Non-family employees doing the same work as family members should receive the same remuneration.

    It's important that your remuneration policy is seen to be fair and objective. Write it down, be open about it and review it regularly.

    For further information see set the right pay rates and employing family members.

    Advice from an outsider - an HR consultant, for example - can be invaluable in avoiding remuneration disputes.

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  • Create a successful family-business constitution

    Using a written document to state principles and serve as a practical guide for conflict management and prevention

    A family-business constitution - sometimes known as a family charter or family protocols - is partly a statement of general principles. It outlines your business' core values and vision, and your family's commitment to them.

    It helps successfully manage conflict in a family business, and a well-drafted document can even prevent conflicts before they start.

    Importantly, it is a practical guide for running the business and a framework for handling family issues that may cause disputes.

    The process of drawing up a family constitution should be a team effort. It should involve everyone with a stake in the business. The document should be regularly reviewed.

    How to structure the constitution of your family business

    A typical family-business constitution might include the following sections:

    • business goals, vision and values
    • leadership
    • rights and responsibilities of shareholders
    • management structure
    • entry principles for family members
    • criteria for succession
    • exit policies
    • rights, responsibilities and obligations of family appointments - pay, incentives, performance management and reporting lines
    • rights, responsibilities and obligations of family members not working in the business
    • appointment and rights of non-family board members, management and employees
    • training, remuneration and appraisal of employees - both family and non-family
    • developing the next generation
    • involvement of non-executive directors and other outsiders
    • communication channels
    • dispute-resolution procedures
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  • Succession planning in family businesses

    How to balance family relationships and business needs to draw up a fair, effective and tax-efficient exit strategy.

    How best to pass on your business to the next generation will be one of the biggest challenges you face. You need to make the right decisions for you, your family and your business - balancing the needs of all three.

    It can be made easier if you plan the succession process early - ideally when you set up the business.

    Family business succession plan

    Your succession plan should include:

    • your key goals for the succession process
    • a timetable of the transition stages, from identifying a successor to the staged and then full transfer of responsibilities
    • contingency plans in case the unforeseen happens, such as your intended successor declining the role

    Questions you should ask yourself include the following:

    • Does my intended successor have the right skills and abilities?
    • Does my intended successor actually want to take over?
    • Is my plan fair to all family members?
    • Does it minimise the potential for conflict?
    • Will family succession be tax-efficient?
    • Is family succession the best option or would an alternative exit strategy - such as a trade sale or management buy-out - be a better option?

    For further information, see selling or passing a business to a family member and consider your exit strategy when starting up

    Read our local case study on succession planning in a family business with Eugene McKeever, Managing Director of the McKeever Hotel Group.

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  • Family-run businesses

    Running a family business - Mash Direct (video)

    Martin and Tracy Hamilton explain how they use the skills of each family member to create an award-winning business.

    Martin and Tracy Hamilton, owners of Mash Direct, discuss how they run their family business.

    Mash Direct is a family-owned farming and food production enterprise launched in 2004 in County Down, Northern Ireland. With six generations of farming expertise, Mash Direct provides quick-serve vegetable and potato dishes to local and UK markets.

    Here Martin, Tracy and their sons Lance and Jack, explain how they use the skills of each family member to create an award-winning business.

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    Mash Direct
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